IADB GUIDE TO INTERNATIONAL SEARCH AND RESCUE

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a coordination role. It is intended that this guide will alert them as to their crucial role in the timely accomplishment of those actions. Appropriately, this document does not address Combat Search and Rescue. It pertains only to search and rescue operations resulting from transportation accidents or other types of peacetime activities. Although much of the content of this document is valid and appropriate to address the conduct of a Search and Rescue (SAR) operation within the boundaries of a sovereign nation, it also addresses SAR activities involving two or more countries. Specific, detailed procedures on the tactical, field-level conduct of a Search and Rescue operation are contained in IADB document No. C-1542, Search and Rescue Manual, dated 2 November, 1972. This guide does not supersede that publication; rather it addresses Search and Rescue from a management standpoint, referencing the many international organizations which have emerged and agreements which have been made since 1972. This document is produced by the Natural Disaster Section of the International Staff. Please forward to that office any necessary updates or corrections. II. BACKGROUND SAR operations clearly pre-date recorded history. Only in modern times has it become a pre-planned, well-organized endeavor with full-time personnel assigned. Many distinct and necessary roles have evolved based on real world experiences. Today a large database exists with historical and analytical data readily available. The communications revolution has greatly enhanced our ability to successfully accomplish SAR. With modern technology, we receive earlier notification, more accurate location of incidents and often have real-time, or near real- time communications between all parties involved in a SAR as well as their control centers. A good illustration of the importance of modern technology to SAR operations is today 9s standard use of the electronic locator transmitter (ELT) aboard aircraft. Statistics compiled by the Federal Aviation Agency (FAA) of the United States reveal that the time required to find an aircraft with a functioning ELT is 6.8 hours. Without a functioning ELT the average time required stretches to 40.7 hours. This time difference is critical as FAA statistics also reveal that the probability of death from serious injury increases substantially after 24 hours. Today, a permanent office of responsibility for International Search and Rescue exists at the United Nations. Various other International Governmental and Non-Governmental organizations have also emerged to address specific areas of responsibility. Within sovereign nations we often find federal, state, local, and private organizations with SAR responsibilities. C-3070-E (T-807-E) 2 Additionally, professional training courses and reference documents are readily available as is a wide range of SAR equipment and supplies incorporating state-of-the-art technology. SAR has emerged as an area in which all nations normally cooperate in a spirit of humanitarian good-will. Rarely are restrictions raised or compensation demanded related to SAR. Additionally, many organizations have waived copyright claims on their publications related to SAR, especially in the area of general guidance. This freedom of distribution greatly enhances both the preplanning and conduct of SAR operations. III. LEVELS OF COORDINATION The coordination of a SAR operation is generally divided into three distinct levels: " Strategic Level. Actions at this level are performed by the international relief community and are coordinated at the level of the United Nations or other international body. " Operational Level. Actions at this level are performed by the country or region affected. " Tactical Field level. Actions at this level are performed at or near the disaster site in the field. SAR related documents are generally aligned to the three levels of coordination shown above. Accordingly, this guide falls into the Strategic Level. The much more specific IADB Search and Rescue Manual, C-1542, is meant for use at the Operational Level and Tactical Field Level. IV. PHASES OF SEARCH AND RESCUE Although the terminology used varies among organizations, SAR operations are generally accomplished in four phases: the uncertainty phase, the alert/search phase, the rescue/recovery phase, and the termination phase. These phases apply to a greater or lesser degree to every Search and Rescue operation regardless of scope or complexity. The operation may be initiated to address something as simple as an individual lost on a jungle hike or something as large and complicated as the crash of an airliner or loss of a passenger ship at sea. The uncertainty phase . This phase is well illustrated by a situation in which a commercial airliner is overdue at its destination airfield, but calculations reveal that it should still have fuel aboard. At this point it is prudent to consider that the aircraft may have been delayed by an unknown event such as weather or that it may have been diverted to an alternate airport for unknown reasons. This phase would require that an advisory be issued to predesignated search and rescue agencies in the vicinity of the flight path. The alert/search phase. This phase can be illustrated by considering that the same aircraft described above now has exceeded its maximum flight duration based on the fuel aboard. It is clear at this point that the aircraft has either landed or crashed. This phase includes full notification to all emergency response agencies and the initiation of a full communications C-3070-E (T-807-E) 3 search using available resources. A control center is established and extensive coordination of planned search activities is required to avoid duplication and insure best utilization of the various types of equipment and personnel available. At the conclusion of the communications search with negative results, a physical search is initiated beginning with the planned flight path and/or the last known position. The rescue/recovery phase. This phase begins with the identification of the location of the wreckage. Much modern technology is available to specify the geographical coordinates, most notably Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment. Care must be taken in the plotting of these coordinates to insure maps being used are standardized to the extent possible, including geographic orientation and scale of distance. During the rescue phase, the mission is the saving of lives and extraction of the victims as rapidly and efficiently as possible. The control center must coordinate and direct all activities towards this goal taking into account the availability of specialized resources such as medical response teams and teams with special equipment such as chain saws or excavating equipment. Additionally, the control center must insure that preparations are made to receive the victims upon their arrival, perform such on-site aid as is necessary and available, and transport the victims to the designated treatment location. The recovery phase begins when it is determined that rescue is complete or that there are no survivors. This phase is not as time sensitive as the rescue phase. The first priority in this phase is the recovery and transportation of bodies and/or body parts. The later recovery of the wreckage is often a sensitive issue as the wreckage must frequently be left in place until the official accident investigation team approves movement. The location and condition of the wreckage is a vital factor in determining the cause of the accident. Additionally, working in close coordination with the accident investigation team, it is usually necessary to designate a location for delivery of the wreckage. The termination phase. The first step in this phase is notification to all participants that search and rescue operations are no longer required. This phase includes the extraction of the personnel and equipment used in the operation. It includes as well the drafting of any reports or other documents required. Lastly, it may be necessary to perform decontamination or other csafeing d actions to render the area safe for future use. Any decontamination/safeing actions are usually transferred to civil engineering or other agencies and the SAR incident need not remain open pending their action. V. THE SEARCH AND RESCUE COORDINATOR The SAR Coordinator is an official appointed at the national or regional level who is responsible for SAR operations falling into his geographical region. He may be a military or civilian official. This official is responsible for maintaining the SAR program on a day-to-day basis and activating SAR resources when necessary. He maintains or contributes to the national SAR plan and tracks equipment, training, personnel, etc at the national or regional level. Among his most important duties is coordination at the national or regional level with other agencies or countries and the responsibility for any agreements arising from that coordination. This C-3070-E (T-807-E) 4 individual is responsible for establishing the Rescue Coordination Center (RCC) at the beginning of each SAR operation and subsequently coordinating any needs identified by the RCC Commander. VI. THE RESCUE COORDINATION CENTER (RCC) Among the first and most critical actions in SAR is the establishment of the Rescue Coordination Center (RCC). This center must be staffed by qualified personnel and equipped as necessary to permit control and coordination of all SAR activities. It must be located high enough in the chain of command to permit visibility of all necessary resources. The most critical single requirement of the RCC is communications equipment. The RCC must be able to rapidly and reliably communicate with response elements, including aircraft, ships, and land teams, as well as other involved governmental or non-governmental agencies. The RCC must remain in operation throughout the SAR, from its establishment until the termination phase is complete. VII. THE ON-SCENE COMMANDER (OSC) On those occasions when the RCC is not in a position to properly direct actions at the scene, an on-scene commander (OSC) must be designated. The OSC is normally the senior member of the first response team to arrive. He retains that position until specifically relieved by the RCC. One of the duties of the RCC is to evaluate the skills, experience, rank, etc., of subsequent arrivals and appoint a more capable OSC as necessary. The arrival of a more senior officer does not automatically place him in charge, rather that action must be coordinated and approved by the RCC. The OSC speaks for and with the authority of the RCC. He is responsible for directing the activities of all on-scene personnel and equipment. VIII. FOREIGN COUNTRY ENTRY CLEARANCE In the event it is necessary for SAR teams to transit from one country to another in response to an emergency, it is the responsibility of the RCC to make the official request. The procedures may vary slightly from country to country, but generally only require an emergency request with all the details available. The RCC must elevate this request as soon as it is recognized. The actual request is made through normal diplomatic channels. Practically all nations of the world are members of The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and accordingly have agreed to permit emergency entry of aircraft and ships into their territory for SAR. As part of the entry clearance request, the assisting nation should request and the receiving nation should grant: a. Overflight and landing permission for the duration of the SAR operation. b. Waiver of commercial documentation c. Exemption from customs duties d. Waiver of visa requirements e. Free access to the disaster zone f. Authorization to transport and use communications equipment C-3070-E (T-807-E) 5 g. Recognition of certificates h. Agreement to provide adequate security for the SAR team/equipment After entry clearance is granted, the RCC must work with the host nation in coordinating any mutual SAR assistance as well as to facilitate the entry and departure of aircraft and ships. IX. RELEASE OF INFORMATION TO THE NEWS MEDIA Extreme care must be taken with the release of information from official sources to the news media. All information must be of factual content only with no supposition as to causes or circumstances of the accident. The RCC should be staffed with a Public Affairs Officer familiar with official policy on release of information. At no time should the release of information interfere with the ongoing operation. The RCC may wish to establish a standard, preplanned briefing schedule and require that the news media adhere to those times. X. COSTS Normally the total cost of a SAR operation is borne by the responding elements and their government. It is generally national policy that compensation for expenses incurred is not requested. There are however, exceptions to this policy. When an SAR involves a private for-profit enterprise, such as an airline or passenger ship company, they may be requested to reimburse the cost of the operation to those participating. Additionally, in cases where private individuals request a SAR operation that is made necessary through their own negligence, reimbursement is often demanded and is provided for in the laws of some nations. XI. SOURCES OF TRAINING SAR training is conducted within the armed forces of most IADB member nations. Additionally, it is fully appropriate for any member nation not already having such a training program to request participation in the training program of another member nation. This type of training fits well into the program of Confidence and Security Building Measures as advocated by the OAS. SAR is often part of joint training exercises conducted throughout Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. A frequent sponsor of these joint training exercises is the U.S. Southern Command, with headquarters in Miami, Florida. These exercises are advertised well in advance and all IADB member nations may request participation. The U.S. Armed Forces offers a three-week formal training course in SAR at the InterAmerican Air Force Academy located in San Antonio, Texas. Any IADB member nation may elect to participate in this training through the International Military Education and Training (IMET) program offered by the United States. This training is identified as course number D121066 in the Military Articles and Services List (MASL). The U.S. Military Group in each C-3070-E (T-807-E) 6 country has access to the MASL and can assist in arranging this training as well as other types of military training. Private organizations and some colleges and universities offer SAR training. However, in most cases this training is expensive and often involves a continuing membership is a civilian professional organization. C-3070-E (T-807-E) 7 APPENDIX A: LIST OF MILITARY CONTACTS The following list provides only the Air Force point of contact in each of the 18 countries which have provided data. Although many other points of contact exist within other branches of the armed forces, departments of defense, and other government ministries, it would be counterproductive to try to provide them all in this guide. The Air Force point of contact can, if necessary, provide a link to the appropriate additional agency. The information below was provided to the InterAmerican Defense Board by the Secretary General of the cSistema de Cooperación entre las Fuerzas Aéreas Americanas d (SICOFAA) and is included along with further information in their document cLibro de Datos SAR-APCADE (Búsqueda y Salvamento y Apoyo Aéreo Mutuo en Casos de Desastre), dated May 2000. ARGENTINA Departamento Búsqueda y Salvamento Dirección de Tránsito Aéreo Avenida Pedro Zanni 250-ofic. 178 Verde (1104) Buenos Aires República Argentina Telf: (54-1) 311-3379 (54-1) 312-3178 FAX: (54-1) 311-3379 BOLIVIA Director del Sistema de Búsqueda y Salvamento Comando General de la Fuerza Aérea La Paz, Bolivia Telf: (591-2) 392194 (591-2) 379066 (591-2) 379065 FAX: (591-2) 379408 (591-2) 320030 (591-2) 391930 BRASIL División de Búsqueda y Rescate Aéreo De la Directoria de Electrónica y Protección al Vuelo Telf: (55-21) 220-0379 FAX: (55-21) 814-6565 CANADA Search and Rescue Officer Air Command Office Ottawa National Defense Headquarters Mgen George R. Pearkes Bldg. Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K2 Telf: (613) 995-6977 (613) 965-2379 FAX: (613) 995-8687 (613) 965-2106 CHILE Servicio del Servicio de Búsqueda y Salvamento Aéreo Calle Zenteno No. 45 Segundo Piso Edificio FF.AA. Postal: Correo 21, Casilla 37, Santiago Telf: (56-2) 698-3478 (56-2) 696-2943 (56-2) 557-1091 (56-2) 557-0637 FAX: (56-2) 695-5917 (56-2) 530-5816 (56-2) 672-6533 C-3070-E (T-807-E) 8 COLOMBIA Departamento de Seguridad Aérea FAC Comando Fuerza Aérea Avenida El Dorado CAN Santa Fé de Bogotá D.C. Telf: 2-220497 FAX: 2-912-221484 ECUADOR Cdnte del Ala de Combate No. 22 Base Aérea Simón Bolivar Casilla 5455 Guayaquil, Ecuador Telf: (593) 4-294520 (593) 4-281002 (593) 4-281519 (593) 4-282570, ext 300 FAX: No tiene EL SALVADOR Centro de Operaciones Aéreas Fuerza Aérea de El Slavador, Ilopango Telf: (503) 295-0418, ext 386 (503) 295-0241 FAX: No tiene UNITED STATES OF AMERICA U.S. Southern Command Joint Search and Rescue Center P.O. Box 9046 NAS Key West, Florida 33040-9046 Telf: (001) 305-293-3110 (001) 305-293-3112 FAX: (001) 305-293-5410 Sub-Center SAR en Honduras; Telf (504) 2-80-44149 (504) 2-80-44134 GUATEMALA Representante de SAR Base Aérea del Sur Telf: (502) 771-0251 FAX: No tiene Representante de SAR Base Aérea La Aurora Telf: (502) 332-2083 FAX: no tiene HONDURAS Oficina SAR Base Aérea Coronel Hernán Acosta Mejia Tegucigalpa, Honduras Telf: (504) 33-4623 (504) 33-4606 FAX: No tiene NICARAGUA Centro de Coordinación SAR Aeropuerto Agusto C. Sandino Managua, Nicaragua Telf: (505) 2-31137 (505) 2-31174 (505) 2-31165 FAX: (505) 2-31451 (505) 2-31428 PANAMA Servicio Aéreo Nacional Aeropuerto nacional de Tocúmen Apartado 11371, Panamá 6 Panamá Telf: (507) 238-4267 (507) 238-4355 FAX: (507) 238-4321 C-3070-E (T-807-E) 9 PARAGUAY Servicio Nacional de Búsqueda y Salvamento Base Aérea Ñu-Guazu Avenida General Elizardo Aquino Kn. 12 Comando FAP Asunción, Paraguay Casilla Correo 281 Telf: (595) 21-672-857 (595) 21-672-850 FAX: (595) 21-670-959 PERU Comando de Operaciones FAP Departamento de Búsqueda y Salvamento Avenida la Peruanidad S/N 3 Jesús Maria Lima, Peru Telf: (51) 1-4332240 (51) 1-4335033 (51) 1-4240625 FAX: (51) 1-4332240 REPUBLICA DOMINICANA Escuadró de Rescate, FAD Base Aérea de San Isidro, D.N. Santo Domingo, R.D. Telf: (809) 688-8557 (809) 688-2282 (809) 596-6506 FAX: (809) 596-8557 URUGUAY C.C.R SPOC Carrasco Brigada Aérea 1 Escuadrón Aéreo No. 5 (Helicópteros) Ruta 101, Km. 19.500 Canelones, Uruguay Telf: (598) 2-601-45-05 (598) 2-601-17-01 FAX: (598) 2-601-43-34 VENEZUELA Escuadron de Búsqueda y Salvamento de La Fuerza Aérea Venezolana Base Aérea El Libertador Palo Negro, Estado de Aragua Venezuela Telf: (58) 4-367-0392 (58) 2-355-2636 FAX: (58) 2-574-7035 C-3070-E (T-807-E) 10 APPENDIX B: LIST OF NON-MILITARY SEARCH AND RESCUE SUPPORT AGENCIES The agencies listed here do not normally conduct search and rescue operations. However, they often provide valuable support to SAR, especially when the SAR results from an extensive catastrophe such as a natural disaster or a major accident with mass casualties. After the RCC determines the need for support from these agencies, the SAR Coordinator at the national level should make the official request for support. INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS (ICRC) Emergency Response Unit Officer 17 Chemin des Crets 1209 Geneva Switzerland Telf : (41) 22 730 42 57 FAX : (41) 22 733 03 95 ICRC REGIONAL OFFICES (Contact these offices by e-mail) ARGENTINA (Responsible For Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay) ICRC Regional Delegation Esmeralda 1320, 2 cA d Buenos Aires, 1007 Argentina e-mail: buenos_aires.bue@icrc.org (underline mark_ necessary after buenos does not appear here) BRASIL (RESPONSIBLE FOR BRASIL, ECUADOR, VENEZUELA) ICRC Regional Delegation SHIS QL O6, Conjunto 09, Casa 16 Lago Sul CEP 71620-095 Brasilia, DF Brasil e-mail: brasilia.bra@icrc.org COLOMBIA ICRC Regional Delegation Calle 76 No. 10-02 Santa Fe de Bogota D.C. Colombia e-mail: bogota.bog@icrc.org ESTADOS UNIDOS (RESPONSIBLE FOR EE.UU. AND CANADA) ICRC Regional Delegation 2100 Pennsylvania Ave, N.W. Suite 545 Washington, D.C. 20037 United States e-mail: icrc_wash@msn.com (underline mark _ necessary after ICRC does not reproduce here) C-3070-E (T-807-E) 11 GUATEMALA (Responsible For Guatemala, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Surinam And The Caribbean) ICRC Regional Delegation 4a Avenida 9-38, Zona 10 Apartado Postal 727-A 01909 Guatemala Ciudad Guatemala e-mail: cicrgu@intelnet.net.gt MEXICO ICRC Regional Delegation Calle Cuvier No. 65 Colonia Anzures Delegatión Cuauhtemoc Mexico D.F. CP. 11590 Mexico e-mail: circ@intranet.com.mx PERU ICRC Regional Delegation Avenida Juan de Aliaga N 620 Magdalena de Mar Lima 17 Peru e-mail: lima.lim@icrc.org VENEZUELA ICRC Regional Delegation Edif. Centro COINASA Av. San Felipe entre 2a Transversal y Calle Jose Angel Lamas La Castellana Caracas, Venezuela e-mail: caracas.caa@icrc.org PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION (PAHO) Director Pan American Health Organization 525 23 rd ST N.W. Washington, D.C. 20037 Unites States Telf: (1) 202-974-3000 FAX: (1) 202-974-3663 PAHO FIELD OFFICES ARGENTINA Representante de PAHO en Argentina Oficina Sanataria Panamericana Marcelo T. de Alvear 684, 4o piso 1058 Buenos Aires Argentina Telf: (54) 1-312-5301 FAX: (54) 1-311-9151 e-mail: e-mail@arg.ops-oms.org BAHAMAS (Responsible for Turks & Caicos) PAHO Representative Third floor Curry House Building Shirley Street Royal Victoria Compound Nassau, Bahamas P.O. BOX N 9111 Nassau, Bahamas Telf: (242) 326-7390 FAX: (242) 326-7012 e-mail: e-mail@bah.paho.org C-3070-E (T-807-E) 12 BARBADOS (Responsible For Antigua And Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts And Nevis, Saint Lucia, St. Vincent & The Grenadines, Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Montserrat, French Antilles, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Martin And St. Bartholomew, French Guiana. Caribbean Program Coordinator WWW Dayralls and Navy Garden Roads Christ Church Bridgetown, Barbados P.O. Box 508 Bridgetown, Barbados Telf: (246) 426-3860 FAX: (246) 436-9779 e-mail: e-mail@cpc.paho.org BELIZE PAHO Representative No. 4 Eyre Street Belize City, Belize P.O. Box 1834 Belize City, Belize Telf: (501) 2-448-85 FAX: (501) 2-309-17 e-mail: e-mail@blz.paho.org BOLIVIA Representative de la OPS/OMS en Bolivia Edificio cFoncomin d Av. 20 de Octubre #2038, 3er Piso La Paz, Bolivia Casillas Postales 9790 y 2504 La Paz, Bolivia Telf: (591) 2-362-646 FAX: (591) 2-391-296 e-mail: email@bol.ops.oms.org BRASIL Representative de OPAS/OMS no Brasil Setor de Embaixadas Norte, Lote 19 70800-400 3 Brasilia, D.F., Brasilia Caixa Postal 08-729 70912-970 3 Brasilia, D.F. Brasilia Telf: (55) 61-312-6565 FAX: (55) 61-321-1922 e-mail: e-mail@bra.ops.oms-oms.org CANADA Canadian Society for International Health 1 Nicholas Street Suite No. 1105 Ottawa, Ontario Canada K1N 7B7 Telf: (613) 241-5785 FAX: (613) 241-3845 e-mail: csih@fox.nsta.ca CHILE Representante de la OPS/OMS en Chile Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana Avenida Providencia No. 1017 Piso 4 y 5 Santiago, Chile Casilla 9459 Santiago, Chile Telf: (56) 2-264-9300 FAX: (56) 2-264-9311 e-mail: e-mail@chi.ops-oms.org COLOMBIA Representante de la OPS/OMS en Colombia Carrera 7a. No. 32-71, Piso 5 Edificio Urano Sante Fé de Bogotá, D.C. Colombia Apartado Aéreo 253367 Santa Fé de Bogotá, D.C. Colombia Telf: (57) 1-336-7100 FAX: (57) 1-336-7306 e-mail: e-mail@col.ops-oms.org C-3070-E (T-807-E) 13 COSTA RICA Representante de la OPS/OMS en Costa Rica Calle 16, Avenida 6 y 8 Distrito Hospital San José, Costa Rica Apartado 3745 San José, Costa Rica Telf: (506) 233-8878 FAX: (506) 233-8061 e-mail: e-mail@cor.ops-oms.org CUBA Representante de la OPS/OMS en Cuba Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana Calle 4 No. 407, entre 17 i 19 Vedado La Habana, Cuba Apartado Postal 68 La Habana, Cuba Telf: (53) 7-552-526 FAX: (53) 7-662-075 e-mail: e-mail@cub.ops-oms.org DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Representante de la OPS/OMS en República Dominicana Secretaría de Estado de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social Calle Pepino Salcedo 3 Recta Final Edificio Cruz Rojo y OPS/OMS 2da. Planta Ensanche la Fé Santo Domingo, República Dominicana Apartado 1464 Santo Domingo, República Dominicana Telf: (809) 562-1519 FAX: (809) 544-0322 e-mail: e-mail@dor.ops-oms.org ECUADOR Representante de la OPS/OMS en Ecuador WWW Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana San Javier 295 y Francisco de Orellana Quito, Ecuador Apartado Postal 17-07-8982 Quito, Ecuador Telf: (593) 2-544-642 FAX: (593) 2-502-830 e-mail: e-mail@ecu.ops-oms.org EL SALVADOR Representante de la OPS/OMS en El Salvador WWW 73 Avenida Sur No. 135 Colonia Escalón San Salvador, El Salvador Apartado Postal 1072 Surcursal Centro San Salvador, El Salvador Telf: (503) 298-3491 FAX: (503) 298-1168 e-mail: e-mail@els.ops-oms.org GUATEMALA Representante de la OPS/OMS en Guatemala Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana Edificio Etisa, Plazuela España 7a Avenida 12-23, Zona 9 Guatemala, Guatemala Apartado Postal 383 Guatemala, Guatemala Telf: (502) 322-2032 FAX: (502) 334-3804 e-mail: e-mail@gut.ops-oms.org C-3070-E (T-807-E) 14 GUYANA PAHO/WHO Representative Lot 8 Brickdam Stabroek Georgetown, Guyana P.O. Box 10969 Georgetown, Guyana Telf: (592) 2-751-50 FAX: (592) 2-666-54 e-mail: e-mail@guy.ops-oms.org HAITI Représentante de L 9OPS/OMS en Haiti, a.i. No. 295 Avenue John Brown Port-au-Prince, Haiti Boite Postale 1330 Port-au-Prince, Haiti Telf : (509) 245-2750 FAX : (509) 245-5930 e-mail : e-mail@hai.ops-oms.org HONDURAS Representante de la OPS/OMS en Honduras Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana Edificio Inmobiliaria Caribe Quinto Piso Calle Principal Colonia Lomas del Guijarro Tegucigalpa MDC Honduras Telf: (504) 221-3721 FAX: (504) 221-3706 e-mail: e-mail@hon.ops-oms.org JAMAICA (Also Bermuda and Cayman) PAHO/WHO Representative Old Oceana Building 7 th floor 2-4 King Street Kingston, Jamaica P.O. Box 384, Cross Roads Kingston 5, Jamaica Telf: (876) 967-4626 FAX: (876) 967-5189 e-mail: e-mail@jam.ops-oms.org MEXICO Representante de la OPS/OMS en México Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana Avenida de las Palmas No. 530 Lomas de Chapultepec, C.P. 11000 México, D.F., México Apartado Postal 10-880 México, D.F., México Telf: (525) 202-8200 FAX: (525) 520-8868 e-mail: e-mail@mex.ops-oms.org NICARAGUA Representante de la OPS/OMS en Nicaragua Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana Complejo Nacional de Salud Camino a la Sabana Apartado Postal 1309 Managua, Nicaragua Telf: (505) 2-89-4200 FAX: (505) 2-89-4999 e-mail: e-mail@nic.ops-oms.org PANAMA Representante de la OPS/OMS en Panamá Ministerio de Salud Via España y Calle Elvira Méndez Edificio CITIBANK, planta baja Bella Vista Panamá, Panamá Casilla Postal 7260, Zona 5 Panamá, Panamá Telf: (507) 264-2060 FAX: (507) 264-2042 e-mail; e-mail@pan.ops-oms.org C-3070-E (T-807-E) 15 PARAGUAY Representante de la OPS/OMS en Paraguay Edificio cFaro del Rio d Mcal. López 957 Esq. Estados Unidos Asunción, Paraguay Casilla de Correo 839 Asunción, Paraguay Telf: (595) 21-450-495 FAX: (595) 21-450-498 e-mail: e-mail@par.ops-oms.org PE R U Representante de la OPS/OMS en el Peru Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana Los Cedros 269, San Isidro Lima 27, Peru Casilla 2117 Lima 100, Peru Telf: (51) 1-421-3030 FAX: (51) 1-442-4634 e-mail: e-mail@per.ops-oms.org PUERTO RICO Coordinador OPS-Puerto Rico Departamento de Salud Centro Médico de Puerto Rico Antiguo Hospital de Psiquiatría Barrio Monasillos Río Piedras, P.R. 00935 Telf: (787) 274-7608 FAX (787) 250-6547 e-mail: rburgos@salud.gov.pr SURINAME PAHO/WHO Representative Gravenstraat 50 (boven) Paramaribo, Suriname P.O. Box 1863 Paramaribo, Suriname Telf: (597) 472-401 FAX: (597) 471-568 e-mail; no tiene TRINIDAD and TOBAGO PAHO/WHO Representative 49 Jerningham Avenue Port-of-Spain, Trinidad Post Office Box 898 Port-of-Spain, Trinidad Telf: (868) 624-7524 FAX: (868)624-5643 e-mail: pwrtrt@trinidad.net URUGUAY Representante de la OPS/OMS en el Uruguay Ave. Brasil 2697, Apts. 5. 6, y 8 Esquina Coronel Alegre Código Postal 11300 Montevideo, Uruguay Casilla de Correo 1821 Montevideo, Uruguay Telf: (598) 2-707-3590 FAX: (598) 2-707-3530 e-mail: e-mail@uru.ops-oms.org VENEZUELA Representante de la OPS/OMS en Venezuela WWW Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana Avenida Sexta entre 5a. Y 6a. Transversal, Altamira Caracas 1010, Venezuela Apartado 6722 Carmelitas Caracas 1010, Venezuela Telf: (58) 2-262-2085 FAX: (58) 2-261-6069 e-mail: e-mail@ven.ops-oms.org C-3070-E (T-807-E) 16 APPENDIX C: UNITED NATIONS SUPPORT TO SEARCH AND RESCUE In April, 1992, The United Nations (UN) established the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) located in Geneva, Switzerland. This office is the UN point of contact for both Natural Disaster and SAR assistance. Contact with this office is appropriate when SAR requirements exceed the capability of the national response elements. OCHA includes a cMilitary and Civil Defense Unit d and a subdivision of this unit is the Disaster Response Branch. The procedures for requesting SAR assistance are basically the same as the procedures for requesting Natural Disaster Assistance. These procedures are included in the UN document cGuidelines on the Use of Military and Civil Defense Assets in Disaster Relief d which is available upon request from the Natural Disaster Section of the Estado Mayor. Request for SAR assistance should be made directly to OCHA at their Geneva, Switzerland Office as shown below: United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Military and Civil Defense Unit Palais de Nations CH-1211, GENEVE 10 Switzerland TELF: (41) 22-917-2010 (Emergency Only) (41) 22-917-1234 FAX: (41) 22-917-0023 e-mail: must mail to all address simultaneously balabanov@un.org bohl@un.org montravel@un.org nordstrom@un.org putman@un.org The initial request for OCHA assistance should include the following: Complete background information known thus far to include: " Type of aircraft or ship involved (if applicable) " Number of potential victims " Location " Limiting factors such as terrain or weather " Identification of agencies already responding " Special needs such as communications, logistics, scuba equipment, unexploded ordnance team, infrared sensing devices, etc " Location for reception of the responding agencies C-3070-E (T-807-E) 17 " Type of support already available (telephone, fuel, food, hospital, etc) " Name, phone, FAX, etc of the host nation point of contact or the RCC if it is already established The requestor must maintain frequent contact with OCHA throughout the SAR event and provide updated information as it becomes available through the end of the Termination Phase. INTERNATIONAL SEARCH AND RESCUE TEAMS (GENERAL) Nations in Asia, Europe, North American, and Latin America have identified to OCHA twenty generalized SAR response teams which are available in time of emergency and may be requested through OCHA in the manner described above. These countries include: Indonesia Japan Republic of Korea Singapore Turkey Austria Denmark Finland Germany (4) Italy Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom (2) Colombia Ecuador Honduras INTERNATIONAL SEARCH AND RESCUE TEAMS (SPECIALIZED) In addition to the non-specialized teams listed above, OCHA maintains an extensive list of highly specialized SAR response teams to be requested through OCHA as the need arises. A listing of the teams currently coordinating their services through OCHA is provided below. Some countries provide multiple teams within the same special area. PORTABLE ELECTRIC GENERATORS (22 TEAMS) France, Austria, Turkey, Honduras, Singapore, United States, Finland, Colombia, United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Ecuador, Indonesia, Sweden, Switzerland STATIONARY ELECTRIC GENERATORS (1 TEAM) " Finland MOTORIZED PUMPS (1 TEAM) Colombia SEARCH LIGHTING (2 TEAMS) Finland, Sweden CHAIN SAW (3 TEAMS) Austria, United States, Japan C-3070-E (T-807-E) 18 BLASTING (1 TEAM) Austria CHISEL (15 TEAMS) France, Austria, Turkey, Singapore, United States, Finland, Colombia, Japan, Denmark, Italy, Ecuador, Sweden, Switzerland, Germany, United Kingdom COMPRESSOR (1 TEAM) Austria REINFORCING BAR CUTTER (1 TEAM) United States DISC CUTTER (17 TEAMS) France, Austria, Turkey, Singapore, Finland, Colombia, United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Ecuador, Indonesia, Sweden, Switzerland GAS CUTTER (10 TEAMS) Austria, Turkey, Singapore, Finland, Colombia, Japan, Italy, Sweden, Germany, United Kingdom HAMMER DRILL (2 TEAMS) Austria, Japan HEAVY BORING MACHINE (1 TEAM) Sweden HYDRAULIC CUTTER/SPREADER (1 TEAM) Singapore SAW (1 TEAM) United States THERMIC CUTTER (1 TEAM) France AIRBAG FOR LIFTING (14 TEAMS) France, Austria, Turkey, Singapore, United States, Finland, Colombia, Japan, Denmark, Italy, Indonesia, Switzerland, Germany, United Kingdom HEAVY LIFTING CRANE (1 TEAM) Honduras HEAVY DUTY JACK (11 TEAMS) France, Austria, Honduras, Singapore, United States, Finland, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Sweden, Germany C-3070-E (T-807-E) 19 AMBIENT AIR COMPRESSOR (1 TEAM) Austria COMPRESSED AIR RESPIRATOR (1 TEAM) Austria ELECTRICALLY-OPERATED POWER UNIT (1 TEAM) France HYDRAULICALLY-OPERATED POWER UNIT (14 TEAMS) France, Austria, Turkey, United States, Finland, Colombia, Japan, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Indonesia, Switzerland, United Kingdom MULTI-PURPOSE LADDER (1 TEAM) Austria NUCLEAR/BIOLOGICAL/CHEMICAL PROTECTION SUITS (1 TEAM) Austria HYDRAULICALLY OPERATED RAM (1 TEAM) United States MISCELLANEOUS TOOLS (1 TEAM) Austria WINCHES, PULLEYS, AND OTHER PULLING EQUIPMENT (20 TEAMS) Turkey, Sweden, United Kingdom, France, Austria, Honduras, Singapore, United States, Finland, Colombia, Japan, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Indonesia, Switzerland MEDICAL EQUIPMENT (1 TEAM) United States PARAMEDICS (19 TEAMS) France, Austria, Honduras, Singapore, United States, Finland, Colombia, United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, Italy, Ecuador, Indonesia, Sweden, Switzerland DRUGS (1 TEAM) United States PHYSICIANS (19 TEAMS) France, Austria, Honduras, Singapore, United States, Finland, Colombia, United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Ecuador, Indonesia, Sweden, Switzerland GENERAL MEDICAL SUPPLIES (1 TEAM) United States C-3070-E (T-807-E) 20 TRAUMA MANAGEMENT (16 TEAMS) Austria, Honduras, Singapore, United States, Finland, Colombia, United Kingdom, Japan, Italy, Ecuador Indonesia, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland ELECTRIC VISUAL DETECTING DEVICES (3 TEAMS) Republic of Korea, Singapore, United Kingdom ENDOSCOPIC DETECTOR (1 TEAM) Republic of Korea FIBER-OPTIC DETECTOR (8 TEAMS) Republic of Korea, Austria, United States, Colombia, United Kingdom, Japan, Switzerland GEOPHONE (2 TEAMS) Republic of Korea, Italy HOVERCRAFT (1 TEAM) Republic of Korea INFRARED GOGGLES (2 TEAMS) Finland, Japan SEARCH DOGS (15 TEAMS) Republic of Korea, France, Austria, United States, Finland Colombia, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Ecuador, Sweden, Switzerland SELF-RELIANT ROBOT DETECTOR (1 TEAM) Republic of Korea SOUND DETECTOR (2 TEAMS) France, Sweden THERMAL-IMAGING DETECTOR (6 TEAMS) Republic of Korea, Singapore, Finland, United Kingdom, Japan ULTRASONIC DETECTOR (14 TEAMS) Austria, Turkey, Singapore, United States, Finland, Colombia, United Kingdom, Japan, Denmark, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland UNDERWATER IMAGING DETECTOR (1 TEAM) Republic of Korea UNDERWATER SOUND DETECTOR (1 TEAM) Republic of Korea C-3070-E (T-807-E) 21 APPENDIX D: BIBLIOGRAPHY AND RECOMMENDED READINGS LIST The sources listed below were used in the development of this document. The identified websites are frequently updated to provide information related to current SAR operations. 1. Libro de Datos SAR-APCADE, (Búsqueda y Salvamento y Apoyo Aéreo Mutuo en Casos de Desastre), Mayo del 2000, publicado por el Systema de Cooperación entre las Fuerzas Aéreas Americanas (SICOFAA), 1535 Command Drive, Suite E-301, Andrews AFB, MD 20762-7002. 2. Search and Rescue Manual, IADB Document No. C-1542, 2 November 1972, Published by the InterAmerican Defense Board, 2600 16 th Street N.W., Washington, DC, 20441. 3. Directrices para la Utilizacion de Recursos Civiles y Militares en Operaciones de Socorro en Caso de Catastrofes, Mayo 1994, publicado por Naciones Unidos Departamento de Asuntos Humanitarios, Palais de Nations, CH-1211, Ginebra 10, Suiza. 4. International Search and Rescue Response Guidelines, undated, Published by the United Nations Office of Humanitarian Affairs, Palais de Nations, Ch-1211, Ginebra, Suisa. 5. Websites: a. PanAmerican Health Organization - www.paho.org b. Disastercenter - www.disastercenter.com c. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - www.reliefweb.int/ocha_ol/ d. International Red Cross - www.icrc.org e. United States Coast Guard - www.uscg.mil

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