Community Energy Systems: from Biomass Heating to District Energy

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Community Energy Systems: from Biomass Heating to District Energy Massachusetts EnvirothonWorkshop UMassAmherst November 16, 2006 Dwayne Breger Renewable Energy and Climate Change Group MA Division of Energy Resources What Has/Should Your Town Do To Reduce its Energy Use and GHG Emissions "Energy Efficiency Measures 3What energy conservation or efficiency measures has your school taken over the past 5 years? 3What percent reduction in their energy consumption have they been able to accomplish? "Renewable Energy Installations 3Solar/PV 3Has any school in your town installed a solar/PV system?

3What percent of the electricity consumption of a school would bemet by a 5 kW PV system? "What are some Ideas to do even more? Biomass Energy Wood Chips "Major indigenous renewable energy resource in New England "MA can produce roughly 4 million tons of wood chips per year on a sustainable basis, capable of firing roughly 500 MW of biomass generation "Unlike other renewables(solar, wind) biomass provides non-intermittent energy and offers opportunity for Combined Heat and Power applications "Advanced, low emissions technologies have reached commercialization status Biomass in Massachusetts 4 million tons/year of woody biomass fuel can be sustainablysupplied Sufficient for 500 MW of electricity generation Biomass energy is CO 2 neutral Biomass ... more. less.

supply infrastructure generates rural economic development Sources of Woody Biomass Fuels "Residues from Forest and Wood Products Industries "Sustainable Forest Management (3 million acres of state forestlands are underutilized) "Urban Wood Residues (parks, land clearing, utility line clearing) "Construction and Demolition Debris "Dedicated Energy Crops Overview of Woody Biomass Energy in New England / MA Institutional Scale Biomass for Heating and CHP 26 schools in Vermont are 100% heated by modern wood fired systems Massachusetts operating systems: Cooley Dickenson Hospital Mount Wachusett Community College Athol/RoyalstonSchool Biomass equipment is fully automated Before Proceeding, don 9t forget 3 Biodieseland cBioheat dare Options too "Biodiesel is a liquid fuel produced from vegetable or seed oils or from waste oils from food processing. "Biodiesel is carefully produced to meet fuel standards necessaryto be utilized in boilers and engines. "Biodiesel is typically blended with conventional heating oil or diesel fuel to provide fuel for home/building heating or vehicles. " cBioheat dis the name given to heating fuel that is a blend of conventional heating oil (#2 or #6) and biodiesel. "Typically, biodieseland bioheatare sold at low blend levels 3B3 to B20. "Commonwealth is engaged in Pilot Project this winter to demonstrate bioheatin state buildings, in preparation for the mandate of its use in state buildings next year. "If your school or town building uses heating oil, you can readily switch to bioheat. Biodieselcan be used in your school buses. Biomass Heating Guidebook Available from: Biomass Energy Resource Center (BERC) www.biomasscenter.org 26 Schools in Vermont are 100% heated with Wood Chips Source: Wood-Chip Heating Systems , BERC Wood Heating Systems offer Fuel Cost Savings and Low Emissions Source: Wood-Chip Heating Systems , BERC Wood Heating Systems can be Cost Effective Source: Wood-Chip Heating Systems , BERC Wood Heating Systems can provide Annual Cash Flow Savings Source: Wood-Chip Heating Systems , BERC Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Source: EPA website Biomass Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Institutional Scale (schools, hospitals, industrial parks) Biomass CHP technology is emerging. New Project in MA include: "Mt. Wachusett Community College "Cooley Dickenson Hospital "Seaman Paper Company "HeyesForest Products Gasifier Larger applications, serving multiple buildings, lead to Community District Energy Systems What is a Community District Energy System? "Local, centralized plant that provides 3electric power 3heat (domestic hot water, space heating, process heat) 3chilled water (for space cooling) to the local community "Designed for fuel flexibility/diversity "Thermal energy distribution through pre-insulated, low maintenance water pipes "High efficiency Combined Heat and Power (CHP) applications Illustration of District Energy Source: International District Energy Association District Energy on a City Scale Modern District Energy Piping District Energy Piping being installed in Finland Benefits of District Energy "Energy Efficiency 3CHP, thermal cooling, off-peak thermal storage, well-maintained plant "Reliability and Price Stability 3professionally operated, backup capacity, fuel flexibility "Reductions in Air and Greenhouse Gas Emissions 3efficiency gains provide reductions, economy of scale for renewables Benefits (continued) "Reduction of Capital and O&M Costs 3central plant eliminates HVAC systems and maintenance in individual buildings "Reduced Life-Cycle Costs 3central plant operates as utility selling power, heat, cooling to building customers at cost savings "Building Space Savings and Design Flexibility 3Mechanical room saving increases useful space "Community, Economic Development, and Enterprise Benefits 3central plant offers local business/employment opportunities, enhances sense of community Criteria for Development "High-density Development for cost- effective thermal distribution network "New Construction or Redevelopment Projects allow for piping installation with utilities and building design benefits "Large Scale Development for economic effectiveness "Mixed-use Community for steady load and adequate CHP opportunities Case Studies and Illustrations "The Community of Ouje-Bougoumou "District Energy St. Paul "Barre Housing Authority, Vermont "City of Montpelier, VT "UMassAmherst Ouje-Bougoumou Provides heat / hot water to newly constructed First Nation community displaced by Hydro Quebec. Uses local wood chip residues from forestry industry. Supports local economy, uses waste product, protects community from fossil fuel price volatility. 8.6 MMBTU/hr plant capacity Ouje-Bougoumou Ouje-BougoumouPipe Install Ouje-BougoumouPlant District Energy St. Paul "Largest hot water district energy system in North America "Additional chilled water cooling system installed to downtown core "Provides 25 MW of 8green 9energy to downtown St. Paul buildings from new CHP plant fueled by clean, renewable wood waste. Total system capacity 289 MW. "Owned/operated by local non-profit district energy utility District Energy St. Paul Plant Main Heating Pipes to Capitol Building in St. Paul District Energy St. Paul Energy Cost Savings and Price Stability Green Acres Barre Housing Authority, Vermont "Small-scale (2.2 MMBTU/hr) district heating system serving 50 apartment complex since 1991 (conversion from all-electric heating) "Hot-water distribution piping system with wood chip fired plant "Winter heating bills to residents reduced from $200-$300/month (electric) to $24 per month "Biomass system supplies about 80% of space heat and hot water Green Acres Family Housing City of Montpelier, VT UMassAmherst Central Heating (CHP) Plant 10 MW natural gas turbines Provides electricity and steam to satisfy nearly all of the campus electric and steam demand -over 200 buildings. District Energy Sites in the U.S. Sample Sites of Interest in Massachusetts Clustered Developments 3DevensRedevelopment 3South Weymouth Naval Air Station Redevelopment 3Belchertown State Hospital Redevelopment Transit-Orientated Developments 3Lowell -Hamilton Canal TOD Redevelopment College and University Campuses 3UMassAmherst, Central Heating Plant (biomass addition) South Weymouth Naval Air Station (SWNAS) Redevelopment "1400 acre facility closed in 1997 "Master Plan creates a de-facto town of approximately 8000 people: 32,850 units of housing 32 million square feet of commercial development 31009 acres of open space and recreation "Sustainable Development Principles involved, but energy planning not included in discussions or Master Plan SWNAS: Scope of Work for Proposed District Energy Feasibility Study "System Specifications and Conceptual Design "Preliminary Economic Analysis "Conceptual Designs and Economic Analysis for Supplemental Systems "Business Models, Regulatory Issues, and System Integration SWNAS: Preliminary Design Concept "Prepared for Scope of Work "Preliminary Parameters: 310 MW CHP Plant 367,000 ft of piping 3$42M for Installation 3Payback 7 years Building Heating and Cooling Loads Hot Water Distribution CHP Unit Boilers Absorption Chiller Electric Grid Fuels Nat. Gas Biomass Building/Community Electric Loads Hot HX Cold HX Electric Chiller Diurnal Ice Storage CHP or Electric Grid (off-peak) Chilled Water Distribution De-Centralized Boilers Belchertown State Hospital Redevelopment 3Concept Plan Mixed-use 100 acre, $85-$100 million, re-development to include: "200-300 room Hotel & Spa "Conference & Banquet Center "Hospital-affil. Health/Wellness Cntr "Sports Performance Center "200 Stall Equestrian Center "Multi-Use Medical / Office Building "Restaurants "Boutique Retail Facilities "Museum "Outdoor recreational activities Questions and Discussion Dwayne Breger MA Division of Energy Resources dwayne.breger@state.ma.us www.mass.gov/doer Thanks.

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