CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY CARMELITE ORDER

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C HRONOLOGICAL HISTORY OF THE C ARMELITE O RDER 2 ( R e f e r e n c e s t o I r e l a n d a r e i n i t a l i c s ) T WELFTH C ENTURY : 1187Saladin 9s victory at Hattin over the Crusaders left them with only a small territory around Tyre. 1191Third Crusade restored Acre. Mount Carmel was the only place where hermits could live as it was still under Frankish power.

Carmel had been an important staging point forSaladin which suggests there may have been a lot of refugees here. T HIRTEENTH C ENTURY : 1204Election of Albert as Patriarch of Jerusalem by the Canons of the Holy Sepulchre. 1206Albert 9s arrival in the Holy Land.

1214September 12 3Albert is stabbed to death. 1215Fourth Lateran Council places a ban on forming new Religious Orders. 1216Jaqcues de Vitry (Bishop of Acre until 1228), suggests that monks had been on Carmel from the beginning of the Frankish Conquest of Palestine in the eleventh century but available evidence only goes back to the thirteenth century.

1226Confirmation of the norm of living of the hermits on Mount Carmel granted by Honorius III. ... more. less.

1229April 6 3the appeal to Gregory IX that the R u l e had pre-dated the 1215 ban is accepted and the R u l e recognised. Also that day, hermits no longer allowed to own land or possessions thereby making them mendicants. Gregory instructed that the prior be elected by the m a j o r i s e t s a n i o r i s p a r t i s . April 9 3the hermitage on Mount Carmel placed under the protection of the Holy See. 1238Already to be found in Europe. Earliest foundation was at Valenciennes in 1235. 1247The presence of the Order in Europe is referred to by Innocent IV. October 1 3 R u l e mitigated by Innocent IV with the help of two Dominican theologians. R u l e further mitigated by a decision of the Aylesford General Chapter to start using Constitutions. St Simon Stock. 1254Prior given the power to grant faculties. 1256Carmelites had the R u l e confirmed against those who questioned their legitimacy with regard to Lateran IV. Repeated in 1262 and 1289. 1261Alexander IV granted permission to the Order to build public churches. 1266Nicholas of France elected Prior General until 1271. Writes the c F i e r y A r r o w d (1270) in praise of the contemplative life over the active one. 1267House founded at Avignon. 1 2 7 1 C a r m e l i t e s a r r i v e i n I r e l a n d a n d b u i l d t h e i r f i r s t h o u s e b y t h e R i v e r B a r r o w a t L e i g h l i n b r i d g e , C o C a r l o w . 1274Second Council of Lyons re-enforced Lateran IV and canonized the four mendicant orders which were to be allowed: Dominicans, Franciscans, Augustinians and Carmelites. 1281Lay Brothers now excluded from Provincial and General Chapters. 1286Honorius IV granted the Order papal patronage. 3 1287Earliest Acts ofthe Chapter which still exist. July 22 3stripped mantle changed by the General Chapter for the white one after permission granted by Honorius IV. Stripped mantle had caused embarrassment and prevented entry into universities, etc. 1289Boniface III gave unconditional approval to the Order which had beenrestricted by Lyons II. 1 2 9 0 O r d e r e s t a b l i s h e s a f r i a r y i n K i l d a r e T o w n . 1291Lay brothers now deprived of active and passive voice. F OURTEENTH C ENTURY : Government of the Order in the thirteenth century was very much along the Dominican model. Huge growth is experienced in the second half of the century. By 1300,there were150 houses across Europe and the Holy Land, including 9 friaries in Ireland. In the first half of the century St Angelus, the first to come to Sicily from Mount Carmel,was martyred. 1304Earliest record of female profession. 1305St Peter Thomas born. Was Procurator General at Avignon before being made a bishop and working in various Sees for the Holy See. Made Latin Patriarch of Constantinople in 1364. He diedin1366. 1307St Albert of Trapani (in Sicily) dies. 1317John XXII gave the Order full exemption from episcopal jurisdiction. 1322 S a b b a t i n e B u l l of John XXII which confirmed the Scapular Confraternity and the promise of the Scapular Vision (that is, a happy death and salvation to its wearers). No original of this document is to be found. 1324John Wycliff born (died 1384). He was strongly opposed by English Carmelites, especially Thomas Netter Waldensis (died 1430) who was an aid to both Henry V and Henry VI. 1326 S u p e r c a t h e d r a m of John XXII gave all the privileges of the Franciscans and Dominicans to the Order. 1 3 3 4 O r d e r e s t a b l i s h e s a f r i a r y i n K i n s a l e , C o C o r k . 1348The Black Death. At the General Chapter at Metz,200 friars died. 1 3 5 6 O r d e r e s t a b l i s h e s a f r i a r y a t K n o c k t o p h e r , i n C o K i l k e n n y . 1360SaintNuno de Santa Maria Alvares Pereira born. A champion of Portuguese independence before he joined the Order following the death of his wife in 1423. He died in 1431. 1374January 6 3St Andrew Corsini, bishop, dies. He was born at the start of the century. 1395Blessed John Soreth, for a time Prior General, born. He died in 1471. 1399The general chapter decreed the celebration of the Feast of St Elisha. R u b r i c a P r i m a 3declaredthe Order came from Elijah and Elisha 3the start of the tale. 4 F IFTEENTH C ENTURY : While the papacy was at Avignon the centre of the Order also moved there and stayed in their house there. A split arose in the Order following the split in the papacy. Urban VI was elected in Rome in 1378 but refused to go to Avignon. The majority of the Cardinals were French and immediately declared the election invalid (though they had voted for Urban) and instead elected Clement VII on September 20. He was recognised by France, Flanders, Spain and Scotland, and Urban by all the rest. Both popes appointed generals to the Order who ruledin the two cterritories. d The Order was re-united in 1409 when the Council of Pisa deposed the successors of both Urban and Clement. Much slower expansion in the fourteenth century with 150 new houses by 1400. T h i s c e n t u r y a l s o w a s t h e g r e a t e s t e x p a n s i o n I r e l a n d e v e r s a w . 1409In his S a b b a t i n e B u l l of December 7, Alexander V confirms that of John XXII regarding the Scapular Fraternity and promise. 1430General Chapter at Nantes probably agreed to seek the second mitigation of the R u l e . 1432 S u p p l i c a of February 2 to the Holy See seeking the mitigation. Granted that day by Eugene IV. 1413Reform of Mantua is agreed with the first house being in Le Selve (between Florence and Pisa). Cloister and silence were stressed with no entrance for the laity. Covered three houses. 1447April 17 3Blessed Baptist Spagnoli of Mantua born. Was Vicar General of the Mantuan Congregation six times and also Prior General of the Order. He diedMarch 20, 1516. 1480sReform of Albi began. R ENAISSANCE : Erasmus 3Some of his bitterest enemies and critics were Carmelites. Many Carmelites were taken in by the Renaissance and animated by it. R EFORMATION : T h e P r o v i n c e s o f S a x o n y , E n g l a n d , I r e l a n d , S c o t l a n d , D e n m a r k a n d p a r t s o f G e r m a n y ( U p p e r a n d L o w e r ) w e r e l o s t . Poland also diminished. Continental reforms of the Order had not reached the English so the Province quickly died away for want of martyrs. A number of the friars, including provincials, supported Henry VIII (and received bishoprics for it). I r e l a n d b e g a n t o l o o s e h o u s e s i n A u g u s t 1 5 3 9 b u t s t i l l r e m a i n e d t h o u g h n o t a l w a y s w i t h a p r i o r p r o v i n c i a l b e c a u s e o f t r a v e l i n t h e c o u n t r y . S IXTEENTH C ENTURY : 1515Teresa de Ahumada y Cepeda (Teresa of Avila) born(died 1582). Mystic, reformer and Doctor of the Church. 1527First Carmelite to arrive in South America as a chaplain to the Portuguese expeditionary forces. King Philip II had given permission to some orders to go to his new territories but the Order was late in applying for permission and so were refused it. The Crown did nominate Carmelites to be bishops there however. 1 5 3 2 K n o c k t o p h e r f r i a r y l o s t d u r i n g t h e R e f o r m a t i o n . 5 1 5 3 9 K i l d a r e a n d D u b l i n f r i a r i e s l o s t d u r i n g t h e R e f o r m a t i o n . 1542St John of the Cross born (died 1591). Mystic, reformer and Doctor of the Church. 1 5 4 3 L e i g h l i n b r i d g e a n d K i n s a l e f r i a r i e s l o s t d u r i n g t h e R e f o r m a t i o n . 1545The Council of Trent opens and is attended by forty Carmelites including one Prior General (Nicholas Audet) and four bishops. Council opened with four cardinals, four archbishops, twenty-onebishops, and five generals of the mendicant orders Franciscans (Conventualand Observant), Augustinian, Carmelite and Servite. Others attending were theologians and assistants. 1554Teresa of Avila has the cvision d which causes her conversion. 1564General Chapter. Philip II of Spain wants reform of the Orders within his territories and takes a keen interest in such reform. 1566April 2 3Mary Magdalen de 9 Pazzi born. Cornerstone of the Carmelite Church Santa Maria in Traspontina (Our Lady across the Bridge), in Rome, is laid. Part of the facade was built with stone from the Colosseum. The work was completed in 1688. 1567Teresaof Avilagiven permission by the General to found new monasteries. 1560sCardinal Charles Borromeo was Cardinal Protector of the Order.He was later canonized. 1570Between 1570 and 1571,Selim II 3Turk 3took Cyprus and the Order lost the Holy Land 3its first province. S t i l l f o u r o r f i v e h o u s e s i n t h e I r i s h P r o v i n c e . P r o b a b l y t h e r e w e r e a l w a y s C a r m e l i t e s i n I r e l a n d t h o u g h n o t k n o w n a b o u t . 1571John of St Samson born (died 1636). Spiritual director, healer and mystic. 1584May 1 3 P a s t o r a l i s o f f i c i i of Gregory XIII ended the Congregation of Albi in Paris and returned the 12 friars to the Order. 1591December 14 3death of St John of the Cross. 1593December 20 3Clement VIII in his P a s t o r a l i s o f f i c i i confirms the decree of the 1593 General Chapter of Cremona which erected the Order of Discalced Carmelites (O.D.C)and he gave them a Preposite General. The members of this Order couldnot erect houses where the Order of Carmelitesalready were. Clement VIII reforms the religious orders of the Church. 1598General Chapter 3Henry Sylvio elected prior general. Began reform of the Order following Trent and Clement VIII 9s decrees as all other Orders had to do. S EVENTEENTH C ENTURY : 1603March 19 3Clement VIII 9s I n s t i t u t i o n s fixed the form of novitiate which exists today. 1604Chapter of Touraine at Nantes began the Reform of Touraine under Peter Behourt (1564-1633) and Philip Thibault (1572-1638),friends of Mme Acarie 9s house and of Pierre Card. De B erulle and Francis de Salles. Also involved was John of St Samson. Basically the product of French spiritual renaissance. Some of Touraine 9s ideas spread to other provinces and resulted in reform. Important were Touraine 9s statutes and directory for novices which became normative. 1615Miguel de la Fuente composes a Rule for his tertiaries which presents the Third Order fully developed in its modern form, though tertiaries had been around for some time 6 but not clearly defined. 1 6 2 9 D e c e m b e r 3 t h e P r o t e s t a n t a r c h b i s h o p o f D u b l i n , L a n c e l o t B u l k e l y , h e a d e d a m i l i t a r y r a i d o n t h e C o o k S t r e e t h o u s e b u t w a s r e p u l s e d . B u t w a s i t a n O D C o r a n O . C a r m h o u s e ? 1634Colour of the habit finally settled as dark brown. Some provinces had been wearing black. 1 6 3 8 O D C p r o v i n c e i n I r e l a n d i s e r e c t e d a n d h a d n i n e h o u s e s b y 1 6 4 3 . E s t a b l i s h e d t h e m s e l v e s b y t a k i n g t h e a b a n d o n e d h o u s e s o f O . C a r m s w h i c h l e d t o t r o u b l e i n t i m e . T h e O D C s w e r e t o r e t u r n t h e m w h e n t h e O . C a r m s r e t u r n e d b u t r e f u s e d w h e n a c t u a l l y a s k e d . A l l w e r e e v e n t u a l l y l o s t u n d e r C r o m w e l l . P o s t -R e f o r m a t i o n E u r o p e w a s s e e n a s m i s s i o n t e r r i t o r y a n d C a r m e l i t e s u n d e r t o o k m i s s i o n s t o I r e l a n d , E n g l a n d , H o l l a n d a n d N o r t h e r n G e r m a n y . 1646Mission to Grenada in the West Indies sets off. Granted apostolic status after many requests only in 1712. 1633Urban VIII decreed that no other order could establish on Mount Carmel. 1 6 8 6 A s h o r t w h i l e a f t e r t h i s T o u r a i n e w a s g i v e n r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r M i s s i o n s t o E n g l a n d a n d I r e l a n d . 1 6 9 8 L e t t e r s f r o m a D i s c a l c e d C a r m e l i t e i n I r e l a n d s a y s t h e O . C a r m s h a d t h r e e t i m e s m o r e m e n t h a n h i m . 1 6 9 7 I r e l a n d c o m e s u n d e r t h e c o m m i s s a r y f o r E n g l a n d . E IGHTEENTH C ENTURY : 1 7 1 5 M a y 1 3 I r e l a n d s e p a r a t e d f r o m E n g l a n d a n d S c o t l a n d . S t u d e n t s w i l l g o t o S p a i n a n d F r a n c e f o r s t u d i e s . 1 7 2 0 M o n o p o l y o f F l a n d e r s a n d T o u r a i n e o v e r I r e l a n d i s l o s t . 1 7 3 0 L e i g h l i n b r i d g e f r i a r y r e -e s t a b l i s h e d . 1 7 3 1 I r i s h p e t i t i o n t h e G e n e r a l C h a p t e r f o r t h e r e s t o r a t i o n o f t h e P r o v i n c e u n d e r t h e S t r i c t e r O b s e r v a n c e ( w h i c h w a s n o w n o r m a t i v e i n t h e O r d e r ) . N o w h a d 1 2 h o u s e s a n d 3 8 f r i a r s . K i n s a l e f r i a r y r e -e s t a b l i s h e d . N o f u r t h e r w o r d f r o m t h e m i s s i o n i n E n g l a n d i s h e a r d a f t e r t h i s y e a r . 1 7 3 5 O r d e r e s t a b l i s h e s a f r i a r y i n t h e I r i s h m i d l a n d s a t M o a t e , C o W e s t m e a t h . 1 7 3 7 O c t o b e r 1 0 3 C l e m e n t X I I 9 s b r i e f Pastoralis officii e r e c t e d t h e I r i s h P r o v i n c e . A l s o a b l e t o n a m e a v i c a r f o r S c o t l a n d a n d a p r i o r f o r E d i n b u r g h . 1 7 4 1 M a y 2 5 -3 1 3 f i r s t C h a p t e r o f t h e r e s t o r e d I r i s h p r o v i n c e e l e c t e d 1 4 p r i o r s . 1 7 4 3 C o n g r e g a t i o n o f P r o p a g a n d a s a i d a l l s t u d e n t s w e r e t o s t u d y o n t h e c o n t i n e n t , w h i c h w a s p r o m p t e d b y r u m o u r s c o m i n g f r o m I r e l a n d . R e -i t e r a t e d i n 1 7 5 1 . S a m e f o r a l l m e n d i c a n t o r d e r s . 1 7 5 0 K i l d a r e a n d K n o c k t o p h e r f r i a r i e s r e -e s t a b l i s h e d . C a r m e l i t e s r e t u r n t o D u b l i n . 1 7 5 4 C o n g r e g a t i o n o f R i t e s a p p r o v e s B l e s s e d V i r g i n M a r y I m m a c u l a t e a s p a t r o n a n d S t P a t r i c k a s c o - p a t r o n o f t h e p r o v i n c e i n I r e l a n d . 1768France: Commission des R eguliers said the Order had 1,199 friars in 129 houses in 8 provinces in France. Commission caused havoc in all the Orders in France. Similar happenings in Belgium, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain and Portugal. No houses in France by the turn of the century. 1 7 8 0 F o r t y -t w o m e m b e r s i n I r e l a n d . M a i n t a i n e d i t s n u m b e r s w h i l e n u m b e r s i n o t h e r c o u n t r i e s w e r e f a l l i n g . 1 7 9 8 D u r i n g t h e 1 7 9 8 R i s i n g t h e p r i o r o f K i l d a r e w a s h a n g e d b y s o l d i e r y b u t r e v i v e d b y l o c a l s . I n 7 p l a c e s w h e r e t h e C a r m e l i t e s h a d d i s a p p e a r e d t h e t e r t i a r i e s c o n t i n u e d a n d o f t e n u n d e r t h e g u i d a n c e o f a s e c u l a r p r i e s t w h o w a s a l s o a t e r t i a r y . T h e y h e l p e d g r e a t l y i n r e t u r n i n g f r i a r s t o c e r t a i n a r e a s . N INETEENTH C ENTURY : 1 8 0 1 I r e l a n d h a d 1 0 h o u s e s a n d 2 8 p r i e s t s . V a r i o u s h o u s e s c o m e a n d g o i n t h e f o l l o w i n g y e a r s . 1 8 2 5 S i t e o f o r i g i n a l D u b l i n f o u n d a t i o n a t W h i t e f r i a r s S t r e e t r e -p u r c h a s e d . C o r n e r s t o n e o f t h e C h u r c h l a i d i n 1 8 2 5 a n d f i n i s h e d i n 1 8 2 7 . M o v e f r o m F r e n c h S t r e e t . O u r L a d y o f D u b l i n i n s t a l l e d . 1 8 2 6 L e i g h l i n b r i d g e f r i a r y s u p p r e s s e d b y B i s h o p D o y l e o f K i l d a r e a n d L e i g h l i n . 1 8 3 7 K i n s a l e c h u r c h b e g u n , f i n i s h e d 1 8 5 0 . C o n v e n t b u i l t 1 8 5 4 . 1 8 4 0 I r e l a n d h a s 2 6 p r i e s t s . 1 8 4 3 K n o c k t o p h e r c h u r c h b u i l t t o r e p l a c e t h e o l d t h a t c h e d c o t t a g e w h i c h h a d b e e n u s e d a s a c h u r c h . 1 8 5 2 T h o m a s A l b e r t B e n n e t t a p p o i n t e d p r o v i n c i a l i n I r e l a n d b y P i u s I X . 1 8 6 0 T e r e n u r e C o l l e g e o p e n e d 3 t h e o l d e s t e d u c a t i o n a l i n s t i t u t i o n i n t h e O r d e r . 1 8 6 1 B e n n e t t , f o u n d e r o f T e r e n u r e C o l l e g e , m a d e p r e s i d e n t o f A l l H a l l o w s C o l l e g e , D u b l i n . C h a p l a i n c y o f t h e S o u t h D u b l i n U n i o n ( n o w S t J a m e s 9 H o s p i t a l ) b e g u n . 1864Signs of re-growth begin to appear in Europe. 1 8 6 8 C o m p l e t i o n o f t h e M o a t e c h u r c h f o l l o w e d b y t h e c o n v e n t i n 1 8 7 0 . 1869December 8 3the First Vatican Ecumenical Council opens with 699 Council Fathers including three Carmelite bishops and the Order 9s Vicar General. 1 8 7 0 I r e l a n d h a s 4 1 p r i e s t s b e t w e e n D u b l i n , K n o c k t o p h e r , M o a t e , K i n s a l e a n d K i l d a r e . 1 8 7 1 J o h n S p r a t t ( b 1 7 9 6 ) , a r c h i t e c t o f W h i t e f r i a r s S t r e e t , d i e s . C h a p t e r d e c r e e d a h o m e n o v i t i a t e b e o p e n e d , b a s e d a t T e r e n u r e C o l l e g e , a s E u r o p e w a s n o w c l o s e d d u e t o s u p p r e s s i o n i n S p a i n a n d l o s s o f t h e P a p a l S t a t e s . C h a p t e r w a s a t t e n d e d b y A n g e l o S a v i n i 3 f i r s t g e n e r a l t o v i s i t I r e l a n d . 1872July 17 3Joseph Valerga, Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem (and first to reside there since the Crusades) wished Savini every success in returning to Mount Carmel. ODCs were already there, though not at the original foundation, and on December 9 the preposite general rejected the O.Carm request, though Propagation of the Faith had supported it. 1873Fran&oise Th er se Martin(St Th er se of Lisieux)born in Alen&on, France. Died September 30, 1897, canonised 1923, declared a Doctor of the Church in 1999. April 28 3Propagation of the Faith said a move to Mount Carmel by the O.Carms was cnot expedient. d 1875February 26 3Propagation of the Faith gave Savini permission to go to the Holy Land. April 12 3Pius IX gave his blessing to the project. October 3the ODCs quietly buy the land of the original foundation (they were living elsewhere in the mountain range), but this was later shown to be false. 1878May 3Propagation met again and, despite the money raised by Savini, the project ended. 1880Blessed Elizabeth of the Trinity born. Died in the Dijon Carmel in 1906. 1881Blessed Titus Brandsma born. He spent a Summer in Ireland learning English. Martyred at Dachau 1942. I r i s h M i s s i o n t o A u s t r a l i a b e g i n s , t h o u g h t h e r e h a d b e e n a c l a y C a r m e l i t e d t h e r e s i n c e 1 8 0 2 ( h e h a d b e e n d e p o r t e d i n 1 8 0 2 a f t e r t h e 1 7 9 8 R e b e l l i o n ) 3 J o h n B u t l e r . F i r s t p a r i s h n o r t h o f 8 M e l b o u r n e c o v e r e d 7 0 0 m i l e s a n d t e n t o w n s . 1 8 8 4 K i l d a r e c h u r c h b e g u n , f i n i s h e d 1 8 8 7 . 1 8 8 9 F i r s t I r i s h C a r m e l i t e s a r r i v e i n N e w Y o r k . G e r m a n a n d o t h e r f r i a r s h a d b e e n i n t h e S t a t e s s i n c e 1 8 8 6 , e s p e c i a l l y i n t h e D e e p S o u t h . S e c o n d f o u n d a t i o n i n N e w Y o r k i n 1 8 9 7 a t T a r r y t o w n . 1891October 12 3Edith Stein (Teresa Benedicta of the Cross) born to Jewish parents. She became a Catholic and was baptised 1922 and entered Carmel in 1933. During the Second World War she was martyred at Auschwitzon August 9, 1942. Canonised 1999, and later namedCo-Patroness of Europe. 1894Revival in Brazil by the Spanish. 1 8 9 5 S c h o o l a t W h i t e f r i a r s S t r e e t b u i l t . T WENTIETH C ENTURY : 1904New Constitutions approved by Pius X, February 20. 1 9 1 9 E l i j a h M a g e n n i s e l e c t e d p r i o r g e n e r a l . B o r n 1 8 6 8 i n M a y o a n d d i e d 1 9 3 7 . C a r r i e d r e s t o r a t i o n o f t h e O r d e r t o i t s c o m p l e t i o n a n d p a v e d t h e w a y f o r e x p a n s i o n . 1 9 2 2 I r i s h h o u s e s i n N e w Y o r k b e c o m e a C o m m i s s a r i a t e a n d f i n a l l y a P r o v i n c e i n 1 9 3 1 . 1 9 2 6 J u l y 3 1 3 f i r s t I r i s h C a r m e l i t e s a r r i v e i n F a v e r s h a m , K e n t t o r e s t o r e t h e E n g l i s h p r o v i n c e . 1 9 2 9 J a n u a r y 5 3 t w o C a r m e l i t e s a r r i v e i n t h e H o l y L a n d a t N a b l u s . T h e f o u n d a t i o n b e c a m e a s t u d i u m w i t h I r i s h a n d A m e r i c a n C a r m e l i t e s a t t e n d i n g b u t w a s s u s p e n d e d d u e t o A r a b h o s t i l i t i e s u n d e r t h e B r i t i s h M a n d a t e . T h e m i s s i o n e n d e d a f t e r t h e S e c o n d W o r l d W a r . 1 9 3 0 I r i s h h o u s e s i n A u s t r a l i a b e c o m e a C o m m i s s a r i a t e . Carmelites return to Portugal. New Constitutionsadopted. 1931Hilary Doswold elected Prior General. 1932Two provinces now in Spain 3Catalonia and Araga-Valentina. 1936Seventeen Spanish members of various Carmelite communities gave their lives in defenceof and in witness to their Christianfaith during the Spanish Civil War. 1 9 4 6 J u l y 2 2 3 P r o p a g a t i o n o f t h e F a i t h g i v e s p e r m i s s i o n f o r t h e O r d e r t o g o t o S o u t h e r n R h o d e s i a ( Z i m b a b w e ) 3 t h e f i r s t t i m e t h e O r d e r h a s g o n e t o A f r i c a . O c t o b e r 7 3 R a y m o n d L a m o n t , L u k e F l y n n a n d A n s e l m C o r b e t t l e a v e I r e l a n d f o r t h e m i s s i o n . 1 9 4 7 K i l i a n L y n c h e l e c t e d P r i o r G e n e r a l . 1 9 4 4 I r i s h P r o v i n c e p u r c h a s e s G o r t M u i r e i n D u n d r u m , D u b l i n , a n d b u i l d s a s t u d e n t h o u s e t h e r e . 1948Australia becomes a Provincewith 41 friars and 7 convents. Spain now has a third Province. 1949Aylesford Priory in Kent, Englandis recovered and rebuilt. The North American Province of the Pure Heart of Mary starts a foundation in Peru. Members of the Maltese Province establish foundations in Peru and Bolivia. 1951Commissariat of Parana, Brazil founded by members of the Upper German Province. 1952January 1 3England becomes a Commissariate. 1 9 5 7 F e b r u a r y 1 3 R a y m o n d L a m o n t c o n s e c r a t e d b i s h o p i n S o u t h e r n R h o d e s i a ( Z i m b a b w e ) . 1959Kilian Healy elected Prior General. 1963Order has 2,760 friars. 1969September 12 3England becomes a Province. 1971September 3130 th General Chapter of the Order takes place at which Falco Thuis 9 (The Netherlands) is elected Prior General. 1973First Carmelites arrive in India from the Upper German Province. February 10 3First Carmelites arrive in the Congo. 1 9 7 4 T h e C a r m e l i t e s a c c e p t r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r t h e n e w l y c o n s t i t u t e d P a r i s h o f W h i t e f r i a r S t r e e t w i t h W h i t e f r i a r S t r e e t C h u r c h b e i n g t h e p a r i s h c h u r c h . T h e C a r m e l i t e s a c c e p t r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r t h e P a r i s h o f K n o c k l y o n , D u b l i n . 1 9 7 8 T h e C a r m e l i t e s a c c e p t r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r t h e P a r i s h o f S t M a r y 9 s , A b e r c r o m b y S t r e e t , i n G l a s g o w , S c o t l a n d . 1 9 8 1 T h e C a r m e l i t e s a c c e p t r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r t h e P a r i s h o f B e a u m o n t , D u b l i n . 1983September 3132 nd General Chapter of the Order takes place at which John Malley (USA) is elected Prior General. 1989The Order returns to France and opens its first house in Bourges. 1 9 9 5 T h e W h i t e f r i a r S t r e e t C o m m u n i t y C e n t r e w a s d e s t r o y e d b y f i r e a n d t h e P a r i s h S i s t e r 3 S r T e r e s a R o c h e 3 l o s t h e r l i f e . T h e C e n t r e h a d b e e n h o u s e d i n t h e s c h o o l w h i c h w a s b u i l t i n 1 8 9 5 . T h e C a r m e l i t e s w i t h d r a w f r o m t h e P a r i s h o f S t M a r y 9 s , A b e r c r o m b y S t r e e t , G l a s g o w , a f t e r s e v e n t e e n y e a r s . The North American Province of the Pure Heart of Mary starts a foundation in Mexico. September 3134 th General Chapter of the Order takes place in Sassone, Rome, at which Joseph Chalmers(Scotland)is elected Prior General. The Chapter approves the new Constitutions. 1 9 9 6 C a r m e l i t e C o l l e g e , M o a t e , c l o s e d f o l l o w i n g a d e c i s i o n o f t h e I r i s h G o v e r n m e n t t o b u i l d a c o m m u n i t y s c h o o l e l s e w h e r e i n t h e t o w n . 1997St Elias Province, U.S.A. voted to begin a foundation in Trinidad. Members of the Carmelites in the Congo begin visiting the Cameroon and welcome vocations to the Order. 1998March 25 3Hermits of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, New Jersey, USA, affiliated to the Order. August 30 3First Carmelites from the North American Province of St Elias arrives in Trinidad. September 6 3First Carmelites take up residence in Mozambique from Peru with help of the Carmelites in Zimbabwe. October 11 3Teresa Benedicta of the Cross (Edith Stein) canonized.She would later be named Co-Patroness of Europe. 1999 T h e n e w C a r m e l i t e C o m m u n i t y C e n t r e i n W h i t e f r i a r S t r e e t w a s o p e n e d b y t h e P r e s i d e n t o f I r e l a n d , M r s M a r y M c A l e e s e . December 8 3Hermits of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel at Christoval, Texas, USA, affiliated to the Order along with a separate group of hermits of the same name from Lake Elmo, Minnesota, USA. T WENTY -F IRST C ENTURY : 2000First Liberians move to England to study as members of the Order. January 17 3First foundation in Burkina Faso inaugurated. 2001Carmelite Marian Year to celebrate the 750 th Anniversary of the giving of the Scapular. 10 Carmelites return to Lithuaniawhere500 people are enrolled in the Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel. The Indian Commissariat of the Upper German Province begins a mission in Kenya. A f t e r 1 4 0 y e a r s , t h e I r i s h P r o v i n c e w i t h d r a w s f r o m t h e C h a p l a i n c y t o S t J a m e s 9 H o s p i t a l , D u b l i n . March 3Order begins its first foundation in Cameroon, Africa.October 1 is the official beginning of the presence in Cameroon. May 14 3The Hermits of Lake Elmo, Minnesota (USA) are incorporated into the Order. September 3 3135 th General Chapter of the Order opens in Sassone, Rome. November 3East Timor becomes part of the Australian Province. December 14 3The Order was approved as a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) of the United Nations. 2002November 9 3Hermits of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmelat Christoval, Texas, USA,officially incorporated into the Order. 2003January 1 3Hermits of Monteluro, Tavullia, Italy,officially incorporated in to the Order. February 9 3first Romanian Carmelite ordained to the Priesthood. Italian Province arrived in Romania in 1993. 2004March 3The General Council of the Order gave permission to the Maltese Province to reactivate the Bolivian Commissariate. July 16 3the Carmelite General Commissariat of the Philippines came into existence. 2005April 24 3Mother Maria Crocifissa Curcio is beatified in Rome by Pope Benedict XVI. Born in 1877 she founded the Carmelite Missionary Sisters of St Th er se of the Child Jesus, which was to be found in Italy, Malta and Brazil before her death in 1957 andwhich later spread to Canada, Romania, Tanzania and the Philippines. May 3the Dutch Province accepts responsibility for the mission in Lithuania. September 5-15 3the General Congregation of the Order takes place in Sao Paolo, Brazil. 2006October 8 3Maria Teresa Scrilli is beatified in Florence, Italy. Born in 1825 she founded the Congregation of Montevarchi (Arezzo) which can be found in Europe and North America. She died in 1889. 2007May 11 3the Canonical Erection of the Province of St. Thomas of the Syro-Malabar Rite in India takes place. The new Province comes into existence on July 16. June 3 3Georg Preca is canonized in Rome by Pope Benedict XVI. Born in 1880 he became a priest andis the first saint of the Maltese Church and the first Third Order Carmelite to be canonized. He died in 1962. September4-22 3the 136 th General Chapter of the Order takes placein Sassone, Romeat which Fernando Mill!n Romeral (Spain) is elected Prior General. October 28 3Carmelites Angel Maria Prat Hostench and Sixteen Companions beatified by Benedict XVI in a group of 498 Spanish martyrs from the twentieth century. 2008April 27 3Mother Candelaria of St Joseph was beatified in Caracas, Venezuela. Mother Candelaria (1863-1940) was the foundress of the Carmelite Sisters in Venezuela. 11 October 19 3a new Carmelite mission was officially inaugurated in the diocese of Beirina, Papua New Guinea. It is a mission of the General Commissariate of the Philippines. November 14 3first Solemn Profession celebrated in Vietnam. 2009February 2 3The Sixteenth Council of Provincesis convoked. It will meet in September on the theme cEmbracing his Gospel: Carmelite community in faith, hope and love. d April 26 3Nuno de Santa Maria Alvares Pereira was canonized in Rome by Pope Benedict XVI. Born in 1360, Nuno became a soldier and champion of Portuguese Independence before becoming a Carmelite in 1423 following the death of his wife. He died in 1431. 2010April 8-13 3the first International Congress on Carmelite Schools takes place in Terenure College, Dublin, as part of the College 9s 150 th Anniversary celebrations. April 25 3Angelo Paoliwas beatified in the Basilica of St John Lateran in Rome. Born in 1642 in Italy, he became a Carmelite priest and worked in Tuscany before moving to Rome. He became known as 8Father Charity 9 because of his work with the poor and he is responsible for the Crucifix present in the Colosseum. He died in 1720. July 16 3the CanonicalErection of the General Delegation of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in Kenya takes place.

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