Ear training. I&ever, the tdsics of motorglider handling are essentially the same for all powered gliders. lhe low power-to-weight ratio anal relatively low-wing loadings enerally found in mtorgliders produce performance dmracteristim that are similar to low-powered light fixed-wing aircraft.<br><br> Specific bowledge arx!l skills are needed for the safe aml efficient operation of these aircraft in thz Idational Airspace System. 4. PROCEDURES AND sl.ANmms, 'Illis advisory circular provides reccmmzrr!ed procedures and standards bkiich my be followed for a tlmrmgh arx3 canprehensive checkout in motorgliders.<br><br> AC 61-94 7131184 a. The following courses of training may be used to prepare a pilot tir l . checkout m a mtorglrder.<br><br> (1) S llabus "A." .e For those pilots 410 possess at least a private pilot certificate with an alrp ane single-engine lard ratbg ad a glider rat*. (2) S llabus "B." For those pilots who possess at least a private pilot certificate w1 3T&mzGating only. b.<br><br> A pilot who wishes to obtain a checkout in mtorgliders in accordance with this advisory circular shr>uld: (1) Meet the experience ad checkmt qmlificatims a&lined herein; ad (2) Satisfactorily accomplish a flight heck in a two-place rrotorglider, if available, given by a certificated flight instructor &o: ( > i Holds commercial pilot privileges tir airplane siqle-e@ne land rating and a glider rating; (ii) I-bids a current Federal Aviation Administration flight instructor certificate with a glider rating; and (iii) Fleets the requirements of Syllabus '!A" as a&lined in this advtiory circular. c. A pilot who holds at least a private pilot certificate with a glider rating and can show by logbook entry that k/she has had at least 5 hours of pilot-in-corxwnd experience in a motorglider before January 1, 1985, will be considered to have met the guidelines of this advisory circular.<br><br> 5. AIR= RJ3QuLREMENTs. For the purpose of this advisory circular, a two-place l motorgllder should be used to acquire flight instructional experience to FliQ a pilot in nrotorgliders.<br><br> Either a single or two-place motorglider may be used to acquire solo flight s<perience. a. Objectiw and Scope.<br><br> This autlines tkae syllabi tiich may be used tie prepare pilots for &eckout in rrotorkliders. While no specific trainirg hours are suggested, it is expected that the required training time may t>e reduced for pilots who have extensive qualifications, or increased for pilots who & not rrreet the pilot certification guidelines listed herein, or 1410 meet tbse pilot certification guidelines but have little or no recent flight experience. b Syllabi Application.<br><br> The particular syllabus utilized may bc mdified to fit & qualifications of the trainee, the aircraft used, ard/or tk circumstances under tiich the training is given, provided the desired proficiency starrlards are met 0 (1) Syllabus "A." 'The following minimum tidelines are appropriate for pilots tie possess at least a private pilot certificate with an airplane single-engine land rating arx3 a Qider ratirg: 2 par 4 7/31/84 AC 61-94 ( > i 'Ibree dual takeoffs and three dual landings in a rmtorglider, each to a full stop; (ii) A flight heck given by a certificated flight instructor ho a is authorized to conduct flight &e&s in motorgliders in accordance with this advisory circular; and (iii) A pilot logbook endorsement by that instructor certifyi~ that the pilot has satisfactorily canpletd the tillowing &round and flight train% syllabus guidelines: (A) Ground Instruction. (1) - (2) or Operating Limitations in3he or a combination ti-lereof. (3 - (4 - (5) aircraft logbook entries).<br><br> - (6) - (7) - (8) - (9) - General operating arid flight rules of FM Part 91. Aircraft Flight Mamml; Pilot's Operatirlg Handbodc; form of mumal, material, markings, arrl placards; Aircraft systems. Line inspection.<br><br> Aircraft asse&ly/disassembly (with qpropriate , -. . - b Weight and balance.<br><br> Cockpit fbiliarizatim. Ground operatim/ha&ling safety. Performance limitations; power on and power off.<br><br> Off-airport landing area select ion. Use of spoilers, dive brakes, ard flaps, as appropriate. Emergency ard abnormal operations.<br><br> and flight), as (B) Fli&t Instruction. (1) Starting/taxiing. - (2) Normal - (3) Flight - (4) appropriate.<br><br> Engine operations: Shutdowm arCI restarts (grad takeoffs ~IXI landings. at minimum controllable airspeeds ti stalls. w 6 3 AC 61-94 7/3i/a4 mnagement.<br><br> (5) Operation of aircraft systems, including fuel - (6) Short- and soft-field takeoffs and landings. - (7) Normal approaches/steep approaches usiq spoilem, dive brakes, and flaps, or side-slip. (8) Soaring techniqws (locating lift akl avoidi% - sink) l (9) Ground reference wneuvers.<br><br> - (10) Cross-country proaedures, includix mergency landing area selectim. - (11) Energency a.kl abnormal operatims. (2) Sy&labus "B." The following guidelines are appropriate for pilots who possess at 1 east .<br><br> a private pilot certificate with a glider rating only: ( > i Five hours of flight time in mtorgliders, at least 2 hours of which were in solo flight; (ii) Ten takeoffs and 10 landings m a full stop in mto&lidek in solo flight, including at least 5 landings with the eq$ne shut down; (iii) A dual cross-country ard a solo cross-country flight in a motorglider and an instructor's endorsement in tk pilot's 1% with a landing at a point mre than 25 miles f?om the airport of first takeoff; is authorized SW ; (iv) A flig!? check*give?%y a certificated to conduct flight check4 in rmtorgliders 4; flight instructor I&O ( > V A pilot logbook etiorsement by that instructor mrtifying . that the pilot has satisfactorily completed the following ground am!l flight training syllabus guidelines: (A) Ground Instruction.<br><br> (1) General operating ard flight rules of FAR Fart 91. - (2) Aircraft Flight Plamal; Pilot's Operatiq Hardbook; or Operating. Limitations in-the forxl of manual, material, Earkings, and placards, or a combination tIlereof.<br><br> (3) Aircraft system. - (4) Line inspection. - aircraft logbook (5) entries).<br><br> d Aircraft asse&ly/disassembly (with appropriate 4 Par 6 7/31/84 AC 61-94 poweroff. appropriate. (6) Weight amI balance.<br><br> - (7) Cockpit fhiliarizatim. - (8) Engine bperatim. - (9) Ground qeratim/hatiling safety.<br><br> - (10) Performance limitations, power on ski (11) Use of spoilers, dive brakes, arid flaps, as (12) Off-airport landing area selection. (13) Emergency and abnormal operations. (14) Comparison of sailplanes ~IXI mtorgliders.<br><br> (15) Sailplane versus mtorglider &aractexi.stics as - they relate to safety. (16) Density altitude consideratigns. t -.<br><br> . - i (17) Cross-country flight planning, VCX? navigation and radio cormnmicatims usze, and pilotage a.112 dead reckoning, as appropriate.<br><br> (G) FQht Instruction. (1) Stmtiq/taxiiq. - (ergine operating).<br><br> (2) f~omal takeoffs anti latii~s. - (3 ; - Takeoff, clir&, cruise, descent, ari! la&ill;, (C round (4) Engine and flight), as q@opriate.<br><br> operatims: ti%tdowns ad restarts management. (5) Operation of aircraft systems, includi~ fkl - (6) Fmergency & abnormal operatims. - (7) Flight at minimum controllable airspeeds.<br><br> - (8) Stalls/s@xs, as appropriate. - ( c-1 J/ - Short- and soft-field takeoffs ax-d ladings. Par 6 AC 61-94 7/31/84 (10) Normal approaches/steep approaches using spoilers, dive brakes, amI flaps, or side-slip.<br><br> sink) 0 Soaring techniques (locating lift arr! avoidiT (12) Ground reference maneuvers. (13) Emergency lading area select&m.<br><br> (14) Cross-country procedures, pilotage navigation, landing at strange airportsJ%d off-airport landings. (15) Radio camnm icat ions/na.gation proedures. C.<br><br> Directed Solo Practice. One solo cross-country flight to be conducted under instructor supervision with qpropriate endorsement(s) in tLJhich a l.arxIiw is made at an airport mre than 25 miles Erom the starting point. Note: The list of ground anrl flight instructional subjects sbwn are to guide th instructor in the general areas appropriate to motorgliders.<br><br> They are not intended to bE! all-inclusive or to instruction to the specific areas list& prcnrided limit 7. QEQWUT'PROCEDURES AND SmAF?$S.<br><br> . I a. Objective and Scope.<br><br> This outlines the procedures and standards which r;;ay be used pilot's to prepare tIxz pilot for dleckout in a rrotorglider ard to evalmte the competence and ability to conduct mtorglider flight operations safely. b l Preflight Exa&nation. Prior to the final flight &eck, tiE pilot sl-~uld 8 .<br><br> satisfactorily acccrr,pllsh a test on t'ne aircraft to be used, including its systems, operating limitations, performance, ati emergency procedures. 'Illis test may consist of either an oral or written starriination administer& by t2-2e instructor tie conducts the flight heck. The preflight examination si~uld include at least the following items: (1) The Aircraft Flight Manual or Pilot's Operating EIandbook, as appropriate, placards, markings, limitations, arr!!<br><br> required maintenance inspect ions. (2) A working knowledge of engine operation at various altitudes ati under various conditions of flight, including power settings, f=l management, consumption, endurance, landing distances, best aiiles axxI rates of clir& axi descent, minimum sink sped, and best L/D speed. (3) Normal axI emergency operation of the aircraft's systems ti special equipment unique to the rrotorglider.<br><br> . Par 6 7/31/84 AC 61-94 i (4) A practical computation of various m&nations of the permissible weight and balance loading for pilots, passengers, fwl, ar~I ballast, as appropriate. (5) Athoroughl ine heck of the aircraft to be used, IIS% a hecklist prcwided by the mmkcturer or operator.<br><br> If no such hecklist is available, the . tick should be made in accordance with an orderly prooedure to emure that all items appropriate to th3e aircraft used are covered. The presence of all required certificates, documents, ard placards should be detemined arrI an adeqmte supply of fuel and oil sbuld be ensured.<br><br> Ihe inspection skr>uld cover all airworthiness items thatcanbe examined by external examination, including tk proper asserHy of the aircraft for flight. lI3e pilot should Imow ti significance of any msatisfactory item noted ard tk appropriate corrective action to be taken 6r each such item. (6) Cross-country flight planning, including all aspects of eather reports, forecasts, analysis, terrain, navigation, radio camm ications, and Air Traffic Control requirements as they relate to the proposed flight.<br><br> 8. FLIGh"r b- AND I?R- discussed herein ke representative'of The flightmaeuvers and prooedures the pilot operatims prescribed by FLR Part 61 for pilot certification in both airplanes arid gliders. These maneLI=rs and procedures are, therefore, appropriate Ear use in train* pilots to competence in flight proficiency in mtorgliders.<br><br> Altkmu~ pilots may interrcl to . . pilot only single-place, high-performance motoqliders, a pilot Ch&blk in.<br><br> accotiance with this advisory circular simuld prepare the pilot Ear safe flight operations in both siqg of passengers. Because either an airplane or a 1 .e-place afy3 multiplace a motorglider may have glider while operated mtorgliders Dredominant on the gromd and f&the carriage &aracteristics of or in flight, particular attention should be given in pilot training to emure that all characteristics with which the pilot may not be fkmiliar are thormghly explained. a.<br><br> Ground handling procedures ti precautions for both airplanes and gliders should be covered. The pilot slnould be instruct&l in tk hazards of a rotat% propeller. The proximity of a nose-mounted or an overhead-mount& propeller to the cockpit of the motorglider arld its ixiherent danger to the r;rstorglider occupants a& bystatiers should be stressed.<br><br> Both tk pilot ar-12 line F]ersonnel should be instructed in propeller safety precautions arCI avoidance procedures. The pilot should be instructed in proper ground hatiling of tk motorglider in both power-on ancl power-off odes. The pilot sbuld bz able to ckmnstrate, witk- and without ground crew assistance, s;tfe a& efficient taxiing tiile in close proximity to other aircraft, persons, or obstructions, ak!<br><br> under varying witi arti surface conditions. b Standard coordination and planning rmneuvers may be performed by the pilot to derkstrate familiarity with the mctorglider's performance arai flight control responses. Either simple maneuvers such as medium banked turns of 20 to 3V or - more complex maneuvers such as 720" power tirns, charrklles, srr3 lazy eights may be performed to demonstrate proper coorclinattin arr!!<br><br> planning. Coordination arti planning maneuvers s~rould be demonstrated both to tk right a~rI the left, at various speeds Cthin tk nork-al airspeed range of tk aircraft, a1-r.I with various flaps/spoiler & landing gear confiLmations. Properly coordinztec!<br><br> tins, smooth Par 7 / AC 61-94 7/31/84 control usage, ard division of attention should be demnstrated. The pilot strsuld be able to perform all sta&ard coordination maneuvers tiile maintaini% tk ball not mre than one-half ball width outside the enter reference lines of a standard slip-skid indicator, d the 'yaw string" if installed, streamlined within + one-half inch of tl~ oenterline of tk aircraft. Prolonged turns shmld be ztoppedwithin+lO" of an assigned heading, axI airspeed maintain&l within +5 hots of thz desired.<br><br> - c. Collision Awidance Precaution+ The pilot slmuld aercise continuous l sumeillance of tk airspace m tiich the aircraft is being operated to guard against potential midair-collisions. Adequflte clearing pr6&bxzs sbuld precede the execution of maneuvers hiving either rapid altitude or heading &axe.<br><br> The pilot should Frfom Ghatever clearing procedures are deemed necessary to fl ascertain that the area is clear before performing m.n~vers such as stalls, flight at critically slow airspeeds, or other man&vers mique ti gliders. Ibe pilot should also be &r&liar with right-of-way rules for utilizing lift as it is &countered from thermals, ridge areas, or *en soaring in the vicinity of wave clouds. d Standard ground reference maneuvers my be performed by the pilot to demnstrate the ability to accurately control the path of the aircraft over tlx ground arrd anticipate turns to specified headings.<br><br> In the execution of rectangular courses, s-tums across a road, mrns about a point, or eights around pylons, the pilot should be able to correct for wind drift *ile operate. t'neb - aircraft over a predetermined groundpath and dividing attention inside ati out&de the aircraft. Properly coordinated turns, smoth control usage, arid division of attention should be demonstrated.<br><br> cons e. Flight at minti controllable airs tant headings, l . In TlEdluIn banked turns, in cli&s ,k leve 1 flight on in descent s *Y 3x2 I?<br><br> rfOIIIEd by the pilot with such to demonstrate minimum controllable soaring ati landing approach airspeeds appropriate power settings. The minimum controllable airs-peed used shmld be that any further recluction in airspeed or increase tin load factor would result in immediate indications of a stall. 'Ihe pilot stmuld be able to demonstrate smooth, positive control of the aircraft ati maintain the appropriate speed within +5 knots.<br><br> - f. Stalls. Stall entries and recoveries should be ckmnsmated with an3 withmt power and in various flaps/spoiler and laxliw gear configurations.<br><br> Emphasis should be placed on recovery firan these critical stall sititions: Takeoff and departure, approach to landing (in both normal arr3 in eras-control conf @ration), and accelerated maneuvers. Recovery sbuld be initiated as soon as the first physical indication of the stall is recq@zed. g s ins.<br><br> ae- Spins slxxld be practiced within the limitations of the moto&i er used axI in conformance with the requirements of FM Part 91. Stall and incipient spin recovery performance s'nould be evaluated on the basis of prompt recognition and smoth, positive recovery. Recovery should be effected with proper use of the flight controls arxI the least loss of altimde comistent with prompt recovery of positive flight control.<br><br> The pilot should be familiar with the manufacturer's recommendations concerning stall/spin avoidance ati recovery as published in the specified Notorglider Flight Manual. 8 Par 6 7/31/84 AC 61-94 h. Kim Performance Operations.<br><br> Soft-field arid sbrt-field tkeoffs and landings should be ckmnstrated in accordance with the procedures specified in the specific Motorglider Flight Manual or owner's handbook. Special anphasis sbuld be placed on the use of spoilers, dive brakes, flap arrI trim settiqs, power usage, and best angle-of-clifrb or best rate-of-c&r?2 airspeeds, as appropriate. The pilot should demonstrate kowledge ~IXI seness of the effects of Landing surface,density altitude, arCI wind ~IKI other atclospheric phenanena.<br><br> i. Radio Gxxwnications/Navigation. TIE pilot sbuld be able to de~~~nstrate 4 the proper use of &si~at&l radio frequencies and appropriate cammnicatiom procedures to obtain and acknowledge necessary information in corhctirg the fli&t.<br><br> Where appropriate, the pilot sbuld be ale to chmstrate radio navigatim procedures ard the locationof associated fuses ard circu.itbre&e~ and tmw to replace or reset them. Where operations are expected to be comhcted at tower controlled airports, no-1 'radio cmication proc&ures skPuld be dmnstrated. .<br><br> 3 Special EZquipwnt. The pilot should be hiliar with, and be able m derrxktrate the proper use of, dll special equipment installed, such as cowl flaps, performanke flaps, spoilers, dive brakes propel ler tiathering and position%, and gyros should be thoroughly familiar with starting arid flight and any special precautions necessary. k.<br><br> Soarinn Flight b b self-launchq, capabll otherwise it wuld be The -ity or iqract primary purpose of amtorgl ider is to -Fmide- auxiliary~wer&3 initiate or sustain flight whe .icable. t-bwever , tlxz pilot should be proficient engine-retraction sys &pic insmntation. stopping the aircraft tens, The pi er@ne lot in re in searching out lift a.& utilizing it tiere encountered in the normal flying area.<br><br> Also, the pilot sbuld be able to utilize the auxiliary pwer in traversis areas of sink, to sustain flight and avoid an off-airport landing where a landing would be undesirable, or to make altitxde gains in areas of weak 1 0 Off-Airport Landing. 'Ihe pilot shxld be able ti ckmmstra off-airport landing procedures ei .ther by accmplishing an actual la such a landing, would be both safe ard practicable or by s ir?rulatw lift. .te nrli satisfactory .rg tiere approach to a landing where a landing could be nlade safely.<br><br> Also, the pilot sbuld be able to demnstrate a landing tier;: traffic pattern altitude with the aircraft ergine set at zero thnist and, utilizing flaps, spoilers, or dive brakes as necessary to control the glidepath, touchdown beyond a designated point, ard bring the aircraft to a safe stop within a distance specified by the instructor conduct- the check. ITi. Cross-Country Flight.<br><br> 'Ihe pilot of a mtorglider is able to exercise greater freedom in cross-country flight than is the person operat* a glider without power assistance. TInx, it is expected that the nntorglider will be utilized in an increasing arrwnt of cross-country flying activities. rTherefore, significant amount of transition training in rrotoqliders should be devoted to preparing the pilot for safe cross-country flight operations in mtorgliders.<br><br> Although it my be expected that radio navigation will IE used if the rmtorglide is radio equipped, it is essential that the pilot be tImm@ly familiar in navigation by pilotage. ?he pilot should know lmw to obtain arrl use wather a r Par 8 AC 61-94 7131184 reports and forecasts pertinent to the flight or kile enrmte, weather corrditims to mid, and the procedure fbr precautionary lmxlings, should such a lading become necessary. The m>to@ider's capability to avoid prohibited or restricted airspace, unsuitable terrain, or deterioratti weather coalitions should be emphasized.<br><br> Ihe pilot should be able to effectivel-y use all canmnicatims, nmi.gat+, and/or special equipment installed in the mtorglider in both no-1 ad abnormal (emergency) conditims. n. Flight Instructor Qlecks for Competency.<br><br> rile pilot transitionirg to motorgliders should be able to bmstrate a satisfactory level of pilot cmpetency in flight planning d preparation, taxiiq in confined space a& mder varyingwind conditions, takeoffs and ~hrdings, caxmmicatims, navigation, an3 urgency aperation of all equipment installed in the motorglider. The flight instructor conducting the flight heck should endorse the pilot's lsbook certifying satisfactory cmpletion of the training atld checks as outlined mder this advisory circular. 0.<br><br> Flight Instructor Endorsemmt. An example of a certifying pilot cmpetency in rrotorgliders follows: logbook endorsement "Checkout in (make and mdel) mtorglider satisfactorily accmplished in accordance with Advisory Circular 61-X on (Date). .<br><br> /s/ (Certified Flight Instructor) WI1234567 Exp 4/30,'84" -. , @ Kenneth S. Hunt Director of Flight Operations IO<br><br>

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