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D0:B>@>2. $8B>?;0=:B>= 2 ?@C4C, 2 >A=>2=><, ?@54AB02;5= 75;5=K<8, A8=575;5=K<8 8 480B><>2K<8 2>4>@>A;O<8 (@8A.<br><br> 1). 4;O @0728- B8O 8 @>AB0 2>4>@>A;59 =5>1E>48<> =0;8G85 2 2>45 A>;59 07>B0, D>AD>@0, 65;570 8 4@. d081>;55 GC2AB28B5;L=K : 18>35==K< M;5<5=B0< 75;5=K5 2>4>@>A;8, ?>MB><C ?>A;5 C4>1@5=8O ?@C40 >=8 =0G8=0NB 1KAB@> @072820BLAO.<br><br> 75;5=K5 2>4>@>A;8 O2;ONBAO 8AC=>: 1 3 $8B>?;0=:B>=, 2>4>@>A;8 (87 3@8I5=:> b. 8. 8 4@., 1999): 0 3 A8=575;5=K5: 1 3 0=015=0, 2 3 0D0=87><5=>=, 3 3 <8:@>F8AB8A, 4 3 >AF8;0B>@8O; 1 3 75;5=K5 : 5 3 2>;L2>:A, 6 3 E;>@5;;0, 7 3 ?5480AB@C<, 8 3 AF5=545A<CA, 9 3 ?0=4>@8=0, 10 3 :>A<0@8C<, 11 3 0=:8AB@>45A<CA, 12 3 A?8@>38@0, 13 3 :;04>D>@0, 14 3 C;>B@8:A, 15 3 E;0<84><>=0A; 2 3 480B><>2K5: 16 3 0AB5@8>=5;;0, 17 3 480B><0, 18 3 A815;;0, 19 3 F8:;>B5;;0, 20 3 A8=54@0 15 =081>;55 1;03>?@8OB=K<8, B0: :0: 0:B82=> 8A?>;L7CNBAO 384@>- 18>=B0<8.<br><br> !8=575;5=K5 2>4>@>A;8 2K7K20NB «F25B5=85» 2>4K 2 ?@C4C. d5:>B>@K5 87 =8E ?@8 @07;>65=88 2K45;ONB B>:A8=K. 4;8B5;L=>5 «F25B5=85» A8=575;5=K<8 2>4>@>A;O<8 70G0ABCN ?@82>48B : 70<>@=K< O2;5=8O< 2 ?@C40E.<br><br> 480B><>2K5 2>4>@>A;8 G0I5 2A53> @072820NBAO 25A=>9 8 >A5=LN. a ?8B0B5;L=K< 25I5AB20< >=8 =5 B@51>20B5;L=K, <0AA>- 2>5 @0728B85 2 ?@C40E O2;5=85 4>2>;L=> @54:>5. 70 @0728B85< D8B>?;0=:B>=0 ?@>A;548< =0 ?@8<5@5 '8@- :>2A:>3> ?@C40, 2 :>B>@>< >= 1K; ?@54AB02;5= 108 2840<8, @07- =>284=>ABO<8 8 D>@<0<8, 2 B>< G8A;5 75;5=KE 3 39, A8=5 - 75;5=KE 3 9, 480B><>2KE 3 56, ?8@@>D8B>2KE 3 4.<br><br> 2 2003 3>4C ?> :>;8G5AB2C 284>2 ?@5>1;040;8 75;5=K5 2>4>@>A;8. d0 D>=5 C25- ;8G5=8O :>;8G5AB20 75;5=KE 2>4>@>A;59 C<5=LH8;0AL @>;L A8=5- 75;5=KE, :>B>@K5 2 ?@56=85 3>4K 2K7K20;8 4;8B5;L=>5 «F25B5=85». 2 2003 3>4C =01;N40;>AL =5?@>4>;68B5;L=>5 «F25- B5=85» 2>4K =0 >B45;L=KE CG0AB:0E 8 2K7K20;>AL B5< 65 284><, GB> 8 2 ?@56=85 3>4K ( Aphanizomenon flos-aquae ).<br><br> c0:A8<0;L=0O G8A;5==>ABL D8B>?;0=:B>=0 1K;0 2 023CAB5 (71,8 BKA. :;./<;), >A- =>2=CN G0ABL, :>B>@>9 A>AB028;8 75;5=K5 2>4>@>A;8 (B01;. 3).<br><br> "01;8F0 3 3 '8A;5==>ABL D8B>?;0=:B>=0 '8@:>2A:>3> ?@C40 70 2535B0F8>==K5 ?5@8>4K 2001 - 2003 33. 40B0 >B1>@0 ?@>1, <5AOF $8B>?;0=:B>=, BKA. :;./<; 2001 3>4 c09 18,80 8N=L 16,64 8N;L 24,12 023CAB 5,14 !5=BO1@L 3,44 2002 3>4 c09 22,43 8N=L 84,18 8N;L 5,35 023CAB 40,00 !5=BO1@L - 2003 3>4 c09 3,84 8N=L 23,23 8N;L 42,43 023CAB 71,87 !5=BO1@L - 16 284K <8:@>2>4>@>A;59 =081>;55 G0AB> 2AB@5G0NI85AO 2 @K1>2>4=KE ?@C40E f5=75=A:>9 >1;0AB8: !8=575;5=K5 75;Q=K5 Anabaena variabilis Chlorella vulgaris Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Volvox globator Merismopedia tenuissima Scenedesmus quadricauda Microcystis aeruginosa Scenedesmus acuminatus 5 diastrum duplex 80B><>2K5 Oocystis rupestris Cyclotella comta Coelastrum microporum Melosira granulata Golenkinia radiata Navicula exigua Closterium parvulum Synedra ulna Closterium intermedium Stephanodiscus astraea Actinastrum Hantzschii Surirella robusta v.<br><br> splendida Kirchneriella lunaris 3.2.1 f>B5=F80;L=0O ?@>4C:F8O D8B>?;0=:B>=0 f>B5=F80;L=0O 2>7<>6=>ABL 2>4>P<0 : ?@>4CF8@>20=8N >@30=8G5A:>3> 25I5AB20 70 AGPB D>B>A8=B570 D8B>?;0=:B>=0 O2- ;O5BAO ?>:070B5;5< 53> @575@2=KE 2>7<>6=>AB59. ! ?5@28G=>9 ?@>4C:F859 D8B>?;0=:B>=0 A2O70=0 @K1>?@>4C:B82=>ABL ( 1>340- =>2 8 4@., 1991; C45=:>, 1986), ?>MB><C 2>7<>6=>AB8 5P =0@0I8- 20=8O 8<5NB ?5@2>AB5?5==>5 7=0G5=85 4;O ?>2KH5=8O ?@>4C:B82=>AB8 ?@C40.<br><br> f>B5=F80;L=CN ?@>4C:F8N D>B>A8=B570 D8B>?;0=:B>=0 <>6=> >F5=8BL ?> 8A?>;L7>20=8N M=5@388 D>B>A8=B5B8G5A:>9 0:B82=>9 @0480F88 ($ 0 ). 4;O ?>;52KE ?>A52>2 B5>@5B8G5A:8 2>7<>6=K9 a f 4 >B M=5@388 $ 0 A>AB02;O5B 5 -6 %. 4;O 0:20- :C;LBC@K E;>@5;;K ?@82545=K 1>;55 2KA>:85 ?@>F5=BK 3 10-12 ( d8G8?>@>28G, 1966).<br><br> e4=0:>, A:>@55 2A53>, 1>;55 @50;L=K5 ?@5- 45;K B5>@5B8G5A:8 2>7<>6=KE a f 4 >B M=5@388 $ 0 4;O <8:@>- A:>?8G5A:8E 2>4>@>A;59 <>3CB A>AB028BL =5 1>;55 6 -7 %. f@8 :C;LB828@>20=88 E;>@5;;K 2 CAB0=>2:0E ;>B:>2>3> B8?0 ?>4 >B- :@KBK< =51>< 4>AB83=CB0 ?@>4C:B82=>ABL, ?@8 :>B>@>9 a f 4 >B $ 0 @02=O;AO 3,6 % ( 1>340=>2, 1986). 2?>;=5 A?@0254;82> CB25@645=85 0.<br><br> 0. d8G8?>@>28G0 (1966), GB> «&8A?>;L7>20BL 17 M=5@38N $ 0 A 2KA>:8< a f 4 4>;6=> 1KBL 3;02=>9 F5;LN @01>B ?> ?>2KH5=8N C@>609=>AB8», 8 >=> F5;8:>< ?@85<;5<> 8 ?@8 ?@>- 2545=88 @01>B ?> ?>2KH5=8N @K1>?@>4C:B82=>AB8 ?@C4>2 . a CA;>28O<, >?@545;ONI8< ?>B5=F80;L=CN ?@>4C:F8N D8- B>?;0=:B>=0, ?@5645 2A53>, >B=>AOBAO 18>35==K5 8 >@30=8G5A:85 25I5AB20, =54>AB0B>: :>B>@KE ?@82>48B : A=865=8N 8=B5=A82- =>AB8 D>B>A8=B570, 0 B0:65 =0;8G85 2 ?;0=:B>=5 2KA>:>?@>4C:- B82=KE 284>2 <8:@>2>4>@>A;59.<br><br> 4;O ?>4B25@645=8O MB8E 4>2>4>2 =0 @K1>2>4=KE ?@C40E ?@>2>48;8AL >?KBK ?> 2;8O=8N 18>35=>2 (07>B 8 D>AD>@), >@30=8G5A:8E 25I5AB2 (10:B5@80;L=0O ACA?5=78O) 8 <8:@>2>4>@>A;59 E;>@5;;K =0 @0728B85 D8B>?;0=:- B>=0. 4;O 8AA;54>20=89 1K;8 8A?>;L7>20=K 100 - ;8B@>2K5 ?;0- AB8:>2K5 P<:>AB8, 70?>;=5==K5 ?@C4>2>9 2>4>9 8 CAB0=>2;5==K5 =0 ?;02C 2 ?@C4C. 2 =8E 2 ?5@2K9 45=L 1K;0 2=5A5=0 ACA?5=78O E;>@5;;K, 8AE>4=0O ?;>B=>ABL :>B>@>9 2> 2A5E :C;LB820B>@0E A>- AB028;0 50 BKA.<br><br> :;/<;. f5@20O P<:>ABL 1K;0 :>=B@>;L=>9, 2> 2B>- @CN 2=>A8;8 0<<80G=CN A5;8B@C (1 3/;), 2 B@5BLN 3 10:B5 - @80;L=CN ACA?5=78N (4 <;/;), 2 G5B2P@BCN 3 10 % @0AB2>@ AC?5@D>AD0B0 (1<;/;), 2 ?OBCN 3 0<<80G=CN A5;8B@C (1 3/;) 8 10 % @0AB2>@ AC?5@D>AD0B0 (1<;/;), 2 H5ABCN 3 0<<80G=CN A5- ;8B@C (1 3/;), 10 % @0AB2>@ AC?5@D>AD0B0 (1<;/;) 8 10:B5@80;L- =CN ACA?5=78N (4 <;/;). 4;8B5;L=>ABL >?KB0 A>AB02;O;0 G5BK@5 4=O.<br><br> f> @57C;LB0B0< M:A?5@8<5=B>2 284=>, GB> =081>;LH59 G8A- ;5==>AB8 D8B>?;0=:B>= 4>AB83 2 H5AB>< 20@80=B5 >?KB0 (@8A. 2). f@8@>AB G8A;5==>AB8 D8B>?;0=:B>=0 70 ACB:8 2 A@54=5< 1K; 2 2,2 @070 2KH5, G5< 2 :>=B@>;5.<br><br> e?KBK ?> >?@545;5=8N ?>B5=F80;L=>9 ?@>4C:F88 D8B>- ?;0=:B>=0 2 @K1>2>4=KE ?@C40E ?>:070;8, GB> ?@8@>AB G8A;5=- =>AB8 <8:@>2>4>@>A;59 ?@8 >?B8<0;L=KE CA;>28OE =0AKI5=8O ?@C4>2>9 2>4K :><?;5:A>< 18>35=>2 (07>B 8 D>AD>@), >@30=8G5- A:8<8 25I5AB20<8 (10:B5@80;L=0O ACA?5=78O) E;>@5;;>9 (B>;L:> 2 H5AB>< 20@80=B5) 2 A@54=5< 70 ACB:8 :C;LB828@>20=8O 2 2 @070 2KH5, G5< 2 :>=B@>;5 (@8A. 2), B. 5.<br><br> <>6=> ?>;030BL, GB> ?>B5=F8- 0;L=0O A?>A>1=>ABL @K1>2>4=KE ?@C4>2 : D>B>A8=B57C D8B>- ?;0=:B>=0 4>AB0B>G=> 2KA>:0O, => >=0 5IP 40;5:0 >B B5>@5B8G5A:8 2>7<>6=>9, B. :. 5A;8 1C45B 4>AB83=CB C@>25=L ?>- B5=F80;L=>9 ?@>4C:F88, B> a f 4 >B 8A?>;L7>20=8O M=5@388 $ 0 A>AB028B B>;L:> 2,5 %.<br><br> 18 0 100 200 300 400 500 1 2 3 4 5 6 20@80=BK >?KB0 BKA.:;/<; 8AC=>: 2 3 '8A;5==>ABL D8B>?;0=:B>=0 ?@8 @07;8G=KE 20@80=B0E 2=5A5=8O 18>35==KE 8 >@30=8G5A:8E 25I5AB2 f@54AB02;O5B 8=B5@5A A@02=8BL MDD5:B82=>ABL CB8;870F88 A>;=5G=>9 M=5@388 ($ 0 ) @07;8G=K<8 2>4>P<0<8 (B01;. 4). "01;8F0 4 3 -DD5:B82=>ABL CB8;870F88 A>;=5G=>9 M=5@388 2>4>P<0<8 @07;8G=>3> B8?0 2>4>P<K 3>4 8AA;54>20=8O f;>I04L 2>4>P<0, 30 70 2535B0F8>==K9 ?5@8>4 a f 4 >B $ 0 , % 3 !/< 2 ::0;/< 2 e75@> 1987 350 10 107 0,03 3>@=>5 2>4>E@0=8;8I5 1983 9800 90 963 0,24 02=8==>5 2>- 4>E@0=8;8I5 1990 52000 109 1116 0,30 K1>2>4=K9 ?@C4 1987 8 467 4997 1,25 aC;LB820B>@ E;>@5;;K 1991 0,0005 1350 14445 3,60 19 87 B01;8FK 284=>, GB> @K1>2>4=K5 ?@C4K 2 G5BK@5 @070 MDD5:B82=59 8A?>;L7CNB A>;=5G=CN M=5@38N, G5< 2>4>E@0=8- ;8I0, 8 ?>GB8 2 B@8 @070 A;0159, G5< :C;LB820B>@K E;>@5;;K.<br><br> e4=0:> =5>1E>48<> >B<5B8BL, GB> =0 4>;N 5AB5AB25==>9 ?@>4C:- F88 2 @K1>2>4=KE ?@C40E ?@8E>48BAO 1 % >B >1I53> :>;8G5AB20 ?5@28G=>9 ?@>4C:F88 (A>>B25BAB25==> 50 8 5000 ::0;/< 2 70 2535- B0F8>==K9 A57>=). 57C;LB0BK ?@>2545==KE 8AA;54>20=89 B0:65 ?>:070;8, GB> E;>@5;;0 =081>;55 MDD5:B82=> A?>A>1AB2C5B ?>2KH5=8N ?@>- 4C:B82=>AB8 ?@C4>2. 2 MB>9 A2O78 A;54C5B >B<5B8BL, GB> 2 ;8B5- @0BC@5 ?@82>4OBAO A2545=8O, C:07K20NI85 =0 ?5@A?5:B82=>ABL 8A:CAAB25==>9 0;L3>;870F88 ?@C4>2 0@84=>9 7>=K ( d>2>68;>20 8 4@., 1987).<br><br> 3.2.2 0;L3>;870F8O @K1>2>4=KE ?@C4>2 8A?>;L7>20=85 E;>@5;;K 2 ?@C4>2>< @K1>2>4AB25 >AC- I5AB2;O5BAO ?CB5< 2>7459AB28O =0 M:>A8AB5<C 2>4>P<0. #G8BK- 20O, GB> 284>2>5 @07=>>1@0785 D8B>?;0=:B>=0 O2;O5BAO >A=>2>9 5AB5AB25==>9 :>@<>2>9 107K @K1>2>4=>3> ?@C40, =5>1E>48<> AB@5<8BLAO : B><C, GB> 1K 2 ?;0=:B>=5 ?@5>1;040;8 ?@54AB028B5- ;8 75;5=KE 2>4>@>A;59 3 =081>;55 F5==K5 2 :>@<>2>< >B=>H5- =88. 70G0ABCN @K1>2>4=K5 ?@C4K 70A5;ONB A8=575;5=K5 2>4>@>A;8, G0I5 2A53> MB> ?@54AB028B5;8 B@5E @>4>2 Aphani- zomenon, Anabaena, Microcystis.<br><br> f@8 <0AA>2>< @0728B88 A8=575- ;5=KE 2>4>@>A;59 >B<5G05BAO «F25B5=85» 2>4K. -B> =565;0B5;L=>5 O2;5=85 4;O ?@C4>2>3> @K1>2>4AB20, 2 ?@C4C CEC4H05BAO :8A;>@>4=K9 @568<, 0 ?@8 >B<8@0=88 MB8E 2>4>@>A- ;59 2 2>4C 2K45;ONBAO B>:A8=K, :>B>@K5 <>3CB ?@825AB8 : 3815- ;8 @K1K. 5A;8 2 ?@C4C @0728205BAO B0:>9 ?@54AB028B5;L A8=575;5=KE 2>4>@>A;59, :0: Planktothrix agardhii, B> 2 2>45 ?>- O2;ONBAO =5?@8OB=K5 70?0E8.<br><br> f>MB><C >4=>9 87 206=59H8E 70- 40G 2 ?@C4>2>< @K1>2>4AB25 O2;O5BAO ?@54>B2@0I5=85 «F25B5=8O» 2>4K. 4;O ?@54>B2@0I5=8O <0AA>2>3> @0728B8O A8=5- 75;5=KE 2>4>@>A;59 ?@>2>48BAO 0;L3>;870F8O @K1>2>4=>3> ?@C40 ?;0=:B>==K<8 HB0<<0<8 E;>@5;;K. 20 f@8<5=5=85 ACA?5=788 E;>@5;;K 2 @K1>2>4=KE ?@C40E 4;O 0;L3>;870F88 7=0G8B5;L=> C:@5?;O5B 8E :>@<>2CN 107C ( c0=>- E8=0, 1977; cC70D0@>2, 1977).<br><br> f;0=:B>==K5 HB0<<K E;>@5;;K ( Chlorella vulgaris 8$ 6 ! - 1118 Chlorella vulgarisBIN) A=860NB 0:B82=>ABL A8=575;5=KE 2>4>@>A;59 ( Microcystis aeruginosa, Ana- baena variabilis, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae ), 2 @57C;LB0B5 G53> 2>7- @0AB05B @K1>?@>4C:B82=>ABL 2 =03C;L=KE ?@C40E ( 1>340=>2, 2005). "0:, 2 :>=B@>;L=K5 ?@C4K "5;538=A:>3> @K1E>70 ( f5=75=- A:0O >1;.) 2=>A8;8 >@30=8G5A:85 8 <8=5@0;L=K5 C4>1@5=8O, 0 >?KB=K5 4>?>;=8B5;L=> 0;L3>;878@>20;8.<br><br> 4;O 8=>:C;OF88 1K; 8A?>;L7>20= HB0<< Chlorella vulgaris 8$ 6 ! -111. $>=>2K9 A>AB02 2>4>@>A;59 2 >A=>2=>< >B=>A8;AO : 480B><>2K< 8 A8=5- 75;5=K<, 0 ?>A;5 0;L3>;870F88 >= AB0; ?@58<CI5AB25==> 75;5- =K<.<br><br> 0728B85 7>>?;0=:B>=0 2 >?KB=KE ?@C40E H;> =0<=>3> 8=B5=A82=59, G5< 2 :>=B@>;L=KE. 2 >?KB=>< ?@C4C ?> A@02=5=8N A> 2A5<8 >AB0;L=K<8 ?@C40<8 ?;>B=>ABL 7>>?;0=:B>=0 1K;0 =082KAH59 (1375 <3/;), GB> ?>72>;8;> ?>;CG8BL AB0=40@B=CN =025A:C A53>;5B:>2 :0@?0 @0=LH5 70?;0=8@>20==>3> A@>:0. 2 >?KB=>< ?@C4C @K1E>70 «"@>9:0» 3>@>48I5=A:>3> @09>- =0 f5=75=A:>9 >1;0AB8 ;8G8=:8 : ?5@8>4C ?5@5A04:8 25A8;8 =0 30% 1>;LH5, G5< 2 :>=B@>;L=>< ?@C4C.<br><br> f@8<5=5=85 E;>@5;;K ?>72>;O5B ?>;CG0BL AB0=40@B=K9 ?>A04>G=K9 <0B5@80; :0@?0. 2 >?KB=>< ?@C4C @K1E>70 « f>@7>2>» ( a0<5H:8@A:89 @09>= f5=75=A:>9 >1;.), :C40 2=>A8;8 ACA?5=78N E;>@5;;K, ?;0=>20O =025A:0 @K1 (425 3) 1K;0 4>AB83=CB0 2 =0G0;5 023CAB0, ?@8 MB>< C;>2 @K1K A>AB028; 1 B/30. 2 :>=B@>;L=>< ?@C4C MB8 ?>:070B5;8 1K;8 A>>B25BAB25==> @02=K 300 3 8 0,7 B/30 ( 1>340=>2, 1999).<br><br> !CA?5=78N E;>@5;;K 8A?>;L7>20;8 B0:65 ?@8 2K@0I820=88 A53>;5B:>2 :0@?0 2 !518AB>=A:>< 70;825 dC@5:A:>3> 2>4>E@0=8- ;8I0. -:A?5@8<5=B ?@>2>48;8 2 B@PE A04:0E. 2 ?5@2K9 704020;8 :>@< A @07<>;>B>9 :C:>;:>9 BCB>2>3> H5;:>?@O40, 2> 2B>@>9 3 :>@< A @07<>;>B>9 :C:>;:>9 BCB>2>3> H5;:>?@O40 A<>G5==K9 ACA?5=7859 E;>@5;;K, B@5B89 A04>: 1K; :>=B@>;L=K<, @K1C 2 =5< =5 :>@<8;8.<br><br> '5@57 100 4=59 2K@0I820=8O 2 ?5@2>< A04:5 A@54=OO =025A:0 A53>;5B:>2 4>AB830;0 38 3, 2B>@>< 3 45, B@5BL5< 3 8. !>E@0==>ABL A>AB028;0 A>>B25BAB25==> 41, 90 8 87 %. 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(B01;. 6).<br><br> a8A;>@>4=K9 @568< =5@5AB>2>3> ?@C40 70 25AL ?5@8>4 2K- @0I820=8O ;8G8=>: 1K; 1;03>?@8OB=K<. !>45@60=85 @0AB2>@5=- =>3> :8A;>@>40 =865 4,7 <3/; =5 >?CA:0;>AL. c0:A8<0;L=0O 25;8G8=0 A>AB028;0 7,2 <3/; 2 <05.<br><br> 36 "01;8F0 6 3 $878:> - E8<8G5A:85 ?>:070B5;8 2>4K =5@5AB>2>- 3> ?@C40 @K1E>70 «"@>9:0» 70 1996 3>4 f@C4 f@>7@0G=>ABL , A< "5<?5@0BC@0, > ! @ d a8A;>@>4, <3/; 16 <0O d5@5AB>2K9 60 22,0 6,9 7,2 27 <0O d5@5AB>2K9 45 17,7 6,8 6,5 3 8N=O d5@5AB>2K9 120 17,0 7,1 4,7 16 023CAB0 2K@>AB=>9 55 19,0 8,2 9,6 $8B>?;0=:B>= 2 =5@5AB>2>< ?@C4C 2 =0G0;L=K9 ?5@8>4 @07- 28B8O 1K; ?@54AB02;5=, 2 >A=>2=><, 480B><>2K<8 2>4>@>A;O<8. 40;55 ?@>87>H;0 A<5=0 284>2 8 2 ?;0=:B>=5 =0G0;8 ?@5>1;040BL ?@54AB028B5;8 75;5=KE 2>4>@>A;59.<br><br> a ?5@8>4C ?5@5A04:8 ;8G8- =>: 87 =5@5AB>2>3> ?@C40 2 2K@>AB=>9 ?@58<CI5AB25==>5 ?>;>- 65=85 70=O;8 A8=575;5=K5 2>4>@>A;8, 87 :>B>@KE 2 <0AA5 @072820;AO Microcystis aeruginosa. 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"01;8F0 7 3 c8:@>18>;>38G5A:85 ?>:070B5;8 ?@C4>2 @K1E>70 «"@>9:0» 2 1996 3>4C f@C4K $8B>?;0=:B>=, BKA.<br><br> :;./<; !0?@>D8BK, BKA. :;/<; 16 <0O d5@5AB>2K9 2,4 1,1 27 <0O d5@5AB>2K9 17,6 1,4 3 8N=O 2K@>AB=>9 4, 2 2,4 16 023CAB0 2K@>AB=>9 15,5 1,8 f@>F5AAK 8=B5=A8D8:0F88 @K1>2>4=KE ?@C4>2, =0?@02;5=- =K5 =0 C25;8G5=85 G8A;5==>AB8 8 18><0AAK <8:@>>@30=87<>2, A?>A>1AB2>20;8 8=B5=A82=><C @0728B8N 7>>?;0=:B>=0 2 ?@C40E. d5<0;>206=CN @>;L 745AL AK3@0;0 8 ?>42O;5==0O @0AB8B5;L- =>ABL, @07;>65==0O ?> C@57C 2>4K >?KB=>3> ?@C40.<br><br> 07;>65=85 @0AB8B5;L=>AB8 H;> ?@8 CG0AB88 2 MB>< ?@>F5AA5 1>;LH>3> :>- ;8G5AB20 <8:@>>@30=87<>2. 284>2>9 A>AB02 7>>?;0=:B>=0 =5 >B;8G0;AO 1>;LH8< @07=>- >1@0785<. d081>;55 <=>3>G8A;5==K 1K;8 1>A<8=K, =0 2B>@>< <5AB5 AB>O;8 40D=88.<br><br> f@54AB028B5;8 >AB0;L=KE 284>2 1K;8 >G5=L <0;>G8A;5==K. 18><0AA0 7>>?;0=:B>=0 2 =5@5AB>2>< ?@C4C 1K;0 =0 4>AB0- B>G=> 2KA>:>< C@>2=5 2 B5G5=85 2A53> ?5@8>40 2K@0I820=8O ;8- G8=>:. f@5420@8B5;L=0O ?>43>B>2:0 =5@5AB>2KE ?@C4>2 1K;0 ?@>- 2545=0 70 G5BK@5 4=O 4> ?5@5A04:8 ?@>872>48B5;59 :0@?0.<br><br> f@C4K 38 1K;8 70;8BK 2>4>9 8 2 =8E 2=5A;8 87 @0AG5B0 =0 35:B0@ 2>4=>9 ?>25@E=>AB8: =02>70 3 5 B>==; 0<<80G=>9 A5;8B@K 3 50 :3; AC?5@- D>AD0B0 3 50 :3. !:>H5==0O 8 ?>2O;5==0O @0AB8B5;L=>ABL A=>?0- <8 1K;0 C;>65=0 ?> C@57C 2>4K. 2A53> C;>68;8 60 A=>?>2.<br><br> 2 =5@5AB>2>< ?@C4C CAB@>8;8 ?OBL 3=574 4;O =5@5AB0 :0@?0. f@8 B5<?5@0BC@5 17 > ! 10 <0O 1K;8 ?>A065=K ?@>872>48B5;8 !@54=5@CAA:>9 8 #:@08=A:>9 ?>@>4K, 2 A>>B=>H5=88 2 A0<F0 =0 >4=C A0<:C.<br><br> 16 8 17 <0O 2 ?@C4C ?@>H5; 4@C6=K9 =5@5AB. 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"5<?5- @0BC@0 >:070;0AL 2?>;=5 1;03>?@8OB=>9 8 :>;510;0AL 2 B5G5=85 ACB>: >B 19 4> 2 2 > !. 0AB2>@5==>3> 2 2>45 :8A;>@>40 1K;> >?B8- <0;L=>5 :>;8G5AB2> 3 7,0- 7,2 <3/;.<br><br> 25A ;8G8=>: 1 -2- E 4=52=>3> 2>7@0AB0 1K; 3 3<3, 4;8=0 B5;0 3 6,5 <<. a MB><C 2@5<5=8 2 >?KB=>< ?@C4C =0G0;>AL 8=B5=A82- =>5 @0728B85 7>>?;0=:B>=0, 2 >A=>2=><, MB> 1K;8 1>A<8=K 8 40D=88, ?>A;54=8E 1K;> =5A:>;L:> <5=LH5. 2 2>7@0AB5 12 - 13 4=59 A@54=OO =025A:0 ;8G8=>: 2 =5@5AB>- 2>< ?@C4C @02=O;0AL 20 <3, 4;8=0 B5;0 13,7 <<.<br><br> 27 <0O 1996 3. 2 =5@5AB>2K9 ?@C4 ?>2B>@=> 2=5A5=0 0<<80G- =0O A5;8B@0 2 :>;8G5AB25 10 :3/30 8 ?@>872545=0 0;L3>;870F8O 2>- 4K E;>@5;;>9. 2 MB>B 65 ?5@8>4 =0G0;8 ?>43>B>2:C 2K@>AB=>3> ?@C40.<br><br> e= 1K; 70;8B 2>4>9, 2=5A5=K >@30=8G5A:85 8 <8=5@0;L=K5 C4>1@5=8O 87 @0AG5B0 50 :3/30 0<<80G=>9 A5;8B@K 8 25 :3/30 42>9=>3> AC?5@D>AD0B0. d02>7 1K; 2=5A5= 87 @0AG5B0 5 B/30. f> C@57C 2>4K @07;>68;8 A=>?K ?>42O;5==>9 @0AB8B5;L=>AB8 3 200 A=>?>2.<br><br> f5@5A04:C <0;L:>2 =0G0;8 3 8N=O. a MB><C ?5@8>4C A@54=OO =025A:0 ;8G8=>: 2 >?KB=>< ?@C4C A>AB028;0 31,2 <3, 4;8=0 B5;0 3 14,4 <<. 2 =5@5AB>2>< ?@C4C ?>;CG5=> 1,1 <;=.<br><br> ;8G8=>:. !;54>20- B5;L=>, >B :064>9 A0<:8 ?>;CG5=> ?> 220 BKA. ;8G8=>:.<br><br> "0:8< >1@07><, ;8G8=:8 1K;8 ?5@5A065=K 2 18 - 19 4=52=>< 2>7@0AB5 2 2K@>AB=>9 ?@C4 2 4>2>;L=> 0:B82=>< A>AB>O=88. 39 "01;8F0 8 3 25A>2>9 @>AB <>;>48 :0@?0 2 ?@C40E @K1E>70 «"@>9:0» 2 1996 3>4C f@C4 c5AOF '8A- ;> 25A @K1K 2 :>=F5 ?5@8>40 '8A;> 4=59 <564C >B;>20- <8 f @ 8 @ > A B <3 3 70 ?5@8>4 70 ACB:8, <3 eB=>A8- B5;L=K9 70 ACB:8, % <3 3 d5@5AB>2K9 <09 16 3 - 1 3 - 3,0 - d5@5AB>2K9 <09 27 20 - 11 17 - 1,5 13,0 d5@5AB>2K9 8N=L 3 31 - 7 11 - 1,5 5,9 2K@>AB=>9 023CAB 16 - 6,0 64 - 5,7 90,0 2,9 2K@>AB=>9 >:BO1@L 21 - 18,8 65 - 12,8 197,0 1,6 2K@0I820=85 A53>;5B>: :0@?0. b8G8=>: 87 =5@5AB>2KE ?@C4>2 ?5@5A06820NB 2 2K@>AB=K5, :>B>@K5 4>;6=K 1KBL ?>43>- B>2;5=K 70@0=55.<br><br> 70;820NB ?@C4K 70 10 - 15 4=59 4> ?>A04:8 ;8G8- =>: 8 2=>AOB C4>1@5=8O. eA=>2=0O F5;L ?@8 2K@0I820=88 <>;>48 70:;NG05BAO 2 ?>- ;CG5=88 A53>;5B:>2 AB0=40@B=>9 <0AAK 8 C?8B0==>AB8. -B> =5>1- E>48<> 4;O >15A?5G5=8O E>@>H59 78<>2:8, A>E@0==>AB8 @K1K 8 ?@8 2K@0I820=88 4;O ?>;CG5=8O B>20@=>9 @K1K.<br><br> f;>B=>ABL ?>A04:8 2 2K@>AB=K5 ?@C4K ?@8 :>@<;5=88 A5- 3>;5B:>2 A>AB02;O5B 40 - 50 BKA. 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