Hunting Economic Impact

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Economic Importance of Hunting in America Mark LaBarbera,Outdoor Heritage Education Center International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies This report is provided by the Animal Use Issues Committee of the International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. Introduction Kelly Heath of rural Millston, Wisconsin, drove 80 miles round trip to the Gander Mountain store in Eau Claire to buy the Remington 870 that best Its her. She made the trip many times, once to pur- chase her new Mathews bow and acces- sories, and another time to buy Flambeau decoys.

Her spending is driven by her desire to spend her spare time relaxing in peaceful natural surroundings with the added anticipation of getting close enough to game to get a clean shot. As she gears up to step outside with her hunting part- ner, Pat, she creates a sale, which provides proIt for the store 9s corporate headquar- ters in Bloomington, Minnesota and for manufacturers in places like North Carolina, Wisconsin and Ohio. In turn, these companies buy supplies and pay employees.

Kelly 9s money helps salesmen, distributors and truck drivers who deliver the hunting gear. Add together what Kelly spends by the number of times each year she stops at that ... more. less.

Gander Mountain store, or the Flying J Truck Stop & Restaurant up the road, where she buys food and fuel, and her expenditures add up. Now multi- ply it by13 million hunters and you come up with a major boost for the economy. Purchases by hunters like Kelly touch all parts of the nation, from oil Ield workers in Oklahoma to the wheat growers of the central plains, plus all their employees and suppliers everywhere. Hunting in America is big business, gener- ating more than $67 billion in economic output and more than one million jobs in the United States. The vast majority of Americans embrace hunting lock, stock and barrel for its social, cultural and conservation contributions. Like baseball and apple pie, hunting is an American tradition shared by young and old, rich and poor, regardless of social or economic status. Hunting is not Democratic or Republican; it knows no geographic or congressional boundaries. Its history and heritage crosses all racial and ethnic boundaries. Yes, it is big business, which generates $25 billion in retail sales, $17 billion in salaries and wages, and employs 575,000 Americans, creating sales tax, state income tax and federal income tax revenues for government agencies and the people they serve. But hunting is more than a positive economic force. It is also a strong, wholesome inJuence on American society. It is a healthy American activity, steeped in heritage, which touches the most important aspects of our lives, like families and friends, and a sense of stewardship for all things wild. Hunting Is Good for Body and Soul As the speed of business increases, and the pressures of global competition and consolidation in our high tech society put more demands on working women and men, hunting provides a healthy escape. It offers relaxation and affords quality timewithfamilyandfriends.Whetherina deer or duck blind, farm Ield or ridgeline, hunting provides a peaceful, fun setting where people re-connect with each other and with nature. It is no wonder that more than13 million Americans age16 and older hunted in 2001. When you look at hunting and target shooting combined, a 2001Roper Starch study veriIed that more than 26 million Americans participated in all shooting sports. That same independent scientiIc researched revealed that the public accepts the shooting sports just as it accepts tennis and golf. 2 ABC 9s of a Hunting Economy A is for Archers and other hunters, but cB d is for Billions of Big Buck items Bought from Businesses that BeneGt from Buying by Bowhunters and other shooting sports enthusiasts. Yes, cB d is for Billions, as in the $5.3 Billion hunters spend on hunting-related travel, and $6.4 Billion on hunting equipment, plus $8.4 Billion on other big-ticket items. So, then, is cC d for Cash, Check or Credit Card? Mark LaBarbera,Outdoor Heritage Education Center Hunters 4An Economic Power And hunters are good for the economy. They not only purchase hunting gear, trucks and boats; they also Ill their gas tanks and coolers. They stay at motels and resorts. They buy hunting clothes and those goofy hunting hats with sayings that are sometimes funny and always a conver- sation piece. On average, each hunter spends $1,896 per year on hunting, which is 5.5% of the typical wage earner 9s annual income. These expenditures then cripple d through the economy generating three times more impact for the U.S. economy. For many communities, hunting dollars keep them aJoat. Hunters also pay a truckload of special excise taxes. The Wildlife Restoration Fund under the Pittman-Robertson legis- lation collects these excise taxes on cer- tain hunting equipment and apportions them to state natural resource agencies for conservation and education, which includes habitat restoration, shooting ranges, wildlife research and more. For Iscal year 2002, this program delivered more than $481million to the states and territories of the United States, with more than $292 million of it for sport Ish restoration and more than $188 million of it for wildlife restoration. Together, hunters and anglers may very well be the most important source of conservation funding in the United States. Economic Impact Continues to Grow In good times and bad, hunters set their sights on spending more time in the Ields and forests. Even when economic reces- sion and uncertainty over homeland secu- rity have the nation and the economy recoiling, hunters continue to aim their leisure time and money toward shooting sports activities. For example, since1991, when the nation was mired in a similar recession and war, retail sales have grown nearly17% (adjusted for inJation). Many just do not realize the positive impacts generated by hunters. A recent report released by the Congressional Sportsmen 9s Foundation highlights that Americans spend more on hunting dogs than they do for ski equipment. If that 9s not enough, the $2.4 billion in federal income tax revenue generated by hunters could cover the annual paychecks for 100,000 U.S. Army troops. At the state level, the hunter 9s economic effects can be especially important. In Georgia, for example, hunting expenditures were one-third greater than the value of this state 9s famous peanut harvest, providing a tremendous boost to rural areas. Those are the kinds of numbers that should turn the head of any state legislator or politician. And that 9s just the point. 3 A hunter 9s best friend is his dog and they show it 4hunters spend $605 million on hunting dogs,well more than the $513 million skiers spend on ski equipment. Each year hunters spend more money on food for hunting trips than Americans spend on Domino 9s pizza. Business generated by hunters is often the lifeblood of rural communities. Over a half million jobs in America are supported by hunters. That 9s more jobs than the combined employees of all the top U.S. based airlines including American, United, Delta, Northwest, Continental, US Airways, Southwest, Alaska Air and American West. The $2.4 billion in annual federal income-tax money generated by hunters 9 spending could cover the annual paychecks of 100,000 troops. That 9s 8 divisions, 143 battalions, 3,300 platoons and some major money. Source: Congressional Sportsmen 9s Foundation Mark LaBarbera,Outdoor Heritage Education Center Mark LaBarbera,Outdoor Heritage Education Center Sales and the Ripple Effect The shooting sports are so much more than simply pulling a trigger or releasing a bowstring. They represent Inancial oppor- tunity for every American community, especially rural economies. Each purchase made by hunters sets off a chain reaction of economic beneIts. When Marlin Firearms in New Haven, Connecticut, Leupold & Stevens in Beaverton, Oregon and Weatherby, Inc. in Atascadero, California pay their employees to produce hunting products, their employees use that money to buy food, clothes, housing and other goods and services. The stores, farmers, gas stations and others that make and sell those goods and services, in turn, spend their earnings, and a positive ripple Jows through the economy. They all pay sales taxes and income taxes. In addition, hunting product manufacturers pay excise taxes to beneIt conservation. North, South, East and West, hunting 9s positive economic impact creates jobs and helps urban and rural communities throughout the United States. Just ask retailer Butch Hebert, owner of Boone 9s Corner in beautiful southwest Louisiana, who said, cWe beef up our inventory 15%-20% each year to prepare for hunting season. d And down the road, Trudy Young of Young 9s Grocery, said she banks on extra sales of food, cooking supplies and everything from batteries to toilet paper when hunting season begins in this outdoor paradise. cHunter-vationists d cMost hunters don 9t realize the enormous effect they can have on state and national economies, d said John Baughman, Executive Vice President of the International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (IAFWA). cAnd most elected ofIcials don 9t realize the conserva- tion contributions and economic power of hunters and the hunting business. This report should make it clear, d he said. 4 cDoes hunting drive the economy? You bet, especially in rural communities! A lot of us pay good money traveling and hunting on farms and ranches across the United States. And rural commu- nities sure are glad to see us. d Bill Miller, Executive Director, North American Hunting Club Top Ten States Ranked by Annual Hunting-Related Retail Sales Retail Sales Total Multiplier Effect 1 Texas $1,761,285,042 $3,636,484,738 2 Pennsylvania $1,165,059,772 $2,275,366,632 3 Wisconsin $960,104,751 $1,770,420,230 4 New York $891,031,344 $1,529,508,716 5 Alabama $799,303,993 $1,576,405,455 6 Ohio $713,886,248 $1,539,487,897 7 Michigan $671,670,664 $1,281,527,914 8 Minnesota $664,200,412 $1,316,964,312 9 Tennessee $623,025,977 $1,321,659,467 10 Louisiana $581,066,601 $992,471,903 Mark LaBarbera,Outdoor Heritage Education Center Big Wheels Keep on Turning,Proud Hunters Keep on Spending Hunters travel near and far to spend time in beautiful surroundings. In person or via phone calls, faxes and emails, they plan their outings with friends and families, as they anticipate the adventure, similar to planning the family vacation. When they drive to rural destinations and spend the night, the cumulative effect is amazingly big. Even after September 11, 2001, when the travel industry was suffering, hunters were hitting the road and patronizing rural motels, diners, gas stations and other businesses. On lodging alone for the entire year 2001, hunters spent $276 million! Without the steadfast economic input from hunters, America 9s economy 4includ- ing rural businesses that rely on tourism 4would suffer. State natural resource agencies manage Ish and wildlife for the beneIt of all citi- zens, regardless of whether they hunt or Ish. Yet, sportsmen who buy licenses and purchase equipment provide most of their budgets. Despite the signiIcant contribu- tions by sportsmen and their supporting industries, wildlife agencies constantly hear the old, worn-out argument about cjobs versus the environment. d The fact is, employment, economy and environment all start with cE. d Healthy natural resources create jobs, enhance the econ- omy and support both rural and urban communities that properly manage those resources. cWell, hunters and the hunting industry can argue for both healthy habitat and jobs concurrently, d according to IAFWA President Brent Manning, who is also the long-time head of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources. cIt takes money to conserve and restore habitat and wildlife. Sportsmen are the single largest source of conservation revenues. When people can access healthier habitats, they have more fun and spend more money. This cycle cre- ates jobs and boosts revenues for greater conservation efforts. Everyone wins. d The numbers in this report make it easy to understand the economic impact of hunting in every state. While everyone knows that hunting is good for families, our social well-being and environmental stewardship, they often overlook its important economic impact. However you look at it, hunting is a major boost to the economy and the environment. As this report clearly shows, Americans have more reasons than ever before to support hunting 4an activity that greatly beneIts the country as a whole. The same whistling of waterfowl wings and spring gobbles that inspired George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and our other American forefathers, can stir the imaginations and economies of future generations. In the end, history and our heirs will judge our leadership by the actions we take and the decisions we make regarding our resources 4natural, social and economic 4during our time on Earth. 5 Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Alliance Mark LaBarbera,Outdoor Heritage Education Center Tested and Reliable Most of the statistics in this report are from the 2001 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting and Wildlife- Associated Recreation, initiated at the request of state natural resource agencies, and conducted every Gve years for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service by the U.S. Census Bureau. The numbers are based on U.S. citizens 16 years of age and older. Independent third parties, such as resource economics consulting Grm Southwick Associates,use proven research methods to develop economic information and analyze the data. 6 Numbers of Hunters and Days of Hunting, 2001 Number of Hunters Per State by Type of Hunting Days of Hunting Per State by Type of Hunting All Deer Migratory Bird Upland Game All Deer Migratory Bird Upland Game Hunting Hunting Only Hunting Only Hunting Only Hunting Hunting Only Hunting Only Hunting Only Alabama 422,782 378,753 93,737 -! 7,615,502 6,308,547 480,660 -! Alaska 93,354 18,615* 14,431* -! 1,145,862 182,769* 122,918* -! Arizona 147,504 62,672* 60,889* 58,686* 1,693,994 556,192* 334,516* 545,523* Arkansas 430,694 314,429 171,158 -! 8,411,150 4,791,835 1,859,911 -! California 273,675 -! -! -! 3,425,654 -! -! -! Colorado 280,596 98,709* -! -! 2,610,127 625,312* -! -! Connecticut 45,262 -! -! -! 765,506 -! -! -! Delaware 15,925 10,602* -! -! 225,815 155,029* -! -! Florida 226,252 156,259* -! -! 4,693,274 2,930,383* -! -! Georgia 416,833 331,942 85,675* -! 7,972,711 5,769,381 473,595* -! Hawaii 16,940 -! -! -! 316,003 -! -! -! Idaho 196,543 124,517 36,404* 65,408 2,100,413 836,871 307,869* 647,407 Illinois 310,458 238,443* -! -! 4,521,757 3,145,684* -! -! Indiana 290,181 215,016 -! -! 5,000,118 2,592,588 -! -! Iowa 242,981 132,894 55,920* 137,042 3,989,010 1,345,951 584,200* 1,526,980 Kansas 291,193 139,920 78,562 186,516 3,646,631 1,295,331 590,237 1,853,705 Kentucky 322,654 230,787 56,904* -! 4,663,776 2,280,762 385,569* -! Louisiana 332,556 206,594 142,063 -! 6,441,650 4,250,049 1,217,637 -! Maine 164,480 145,399 -! 51,785 2,468,778 1,918,348 -! 562,361 Maryland 145,126 126,262 -! -! 1,798,899 1,298,332 -! -! Massachusetts 66,018 55,701* -! -! 1,157,640 610,371* -! -! Michigan 753,507 666,801 -! -! 8,993,683 6,265,880 -! -! Minnesota 596,602 474,927 183,668* 241,248 8,437,408 4,587,084 1,661,055* 1,857,180 Mississippi 356,786 288,455 0* -! 8,481,295 6,689,993 0* -! Missouri 488,611 372,726 68,848* -! 6,605,601 3,783,251 840,866* -! Montana 228,858 154,500 -! 43,206* 2,442,222 1,074,933 -! 460,995* Nebraska 173,307 78,010 48,022 108,323 2,203,652 662,126 397,611 1,203,092 Nevada 47,147 -! 28,831* -! 490,298 -! 235,514* -! New Hampshire 78,189 67,169 -! -! 1,459,049 1,000,798 -! -! New Jersey 134,772 111,383 -! -! 3,119,724 2,742,281 -! -! New Mexico 130,133 74,765 34,144* -! 1,667,054 398,622 262,414* -! New York 714,140 651,386 -! 162,028* 13,187,353 9,132,819 -! 1,180,083* North Carolina 295,228 207,260 102,283 51,753 7,526,009 4,746,764 1,245,184 539,817 North Dakota 139,262 74,030 60,863* -! 1,634,942 553,635 408,660* -! Ohio 490,395 417,209 -! 115,317* 10,233,091 4,061,849 -! 1,354,938* Oklahoma 260,599 198,954 81,109* 74,684* 5,642,357 2,978,901 1,073,500* 1,209,314* Oregon 248,422 183,343 41,992* 55,013* 2,947,339 1,527,641 341,007* 457,172* Pennsylvania 999,749 932,379 -! 214,635* 13,955,198 7,412,976 -! 2,348,369* Rhode Island -! -! -! -! -! -! -! -! South Carolina 265,183 207,049 70,675* -! 4,744,340 3,506,727 366,250* -! South Dakota 208,635 68,362 50,838 147,512 2,424,869 474,372 526,374 1,608,604 Tennessee 359,398 228,125 97,334* -! 6,650,666 3,665,105 797,223* -! Texas 1,201,054 859,881 500,404 174,364* 14,081,256 8,297,931 4,178,589 674,343* Utah 198,271 138,801 52,422 53,807 2,454,904 788,757 509,681 262,081 Vermont 99,989 92,297 -! 20,778* 1,509,576 1,118,168 -! 223,987* Virginia 354,841 312,992 -! -! 5,817,697 4,059,282 -! -! Washington 227,242 156,466 49,878* 72,065* 2,950,917 1,121,989 521,798* 752,772* West Virginia 283,990 259,029 -! -! 5,166,160 2,707,187 -! -! Wisconsin 659,664 596,464 -! 193,278 9,652,829 7,051,627 -! 1,935,159 Wyoming 133,340 65,952 -! -! 1,304,045 475,902 -! -! United States 13,034,000 10,272,000 2,956,000 3,184,343 228,167,000 133,456,955 29,309,799 29,621,447 * = small samples size (45 or less) ! = sample size too small to report reliably (25 or less) Source: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, c2001 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting and Wildlife-Associated Recreation d Travel and Equipment Expenditures, 2001 Migratory Upland Hunting,All Types Deer Hunting Bird Hunting Game Hunting Number of Hunters 13,034,000 11,075,514 3,214,693 3,184,343 Days of hunting 228,167,000 133,456,955 29,309,799 29,621,447 Food, drink & refreshments $1,980,395,000 $1,104,712,983 $227,971,968 $245,925,790 Lodging (motels, cabins, lodges or campgrounds, etc.) $469,547,000 $239,372,400 $52,396,842 $92,625,855 Public transportation, including airplanes, trains, buses, & car rentals, etc $185,994,000 $41,932,806 $64,655,466 $31,235,160 Transportation by private vehicle $1,603,326,000 $828,435,272 $181,892,253 $232,467,606 Guide fees, pack trip or package fees $377,233,000 $98,865,063 $35,071,012 $50,149,437 Public land use or access fees $53,499,000 $31,759,038 $8,949,085 $2,165,629 Private land use or access fees (except leases) $370,858,000 $226,701,013 $45,995,544 $59,309,874 Heating & cooking fuel $89,232,000 $57,047,393 $12,871,216 $6,474,217 Equipment rental such as boats, hunting or camping equipment, etc. $36,395,000 $18,072,262 $2,402,294 $6,609,083 Boat fuel $42,553,000 $11,046,742 $11,981,573 $2,756,146 Boat launching fees $6,448,000 $1,828,788 $1,503,188 $94,245 Boat mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, etc. $36,912,000 $9,971,545 $11,252,785 $2,342,090 RiFes $907,470,000 $493,054,228 $71,006,832 $29,046,992 Shotguns $676,619,000 $121,351,243 $272,622,743 $134,550,007 Muzzleloaders & other primitive Erearms $105,507,000 $75,702,787 $7,453,560 $158,348 Handguns $277,270,000 $81,800,768 $48,230,418 $15,022,458 Bows, arrows & archery equipment $462,097,000 $334,113,948 $4,793,042 $912,307 Telescopic sights $307,033,000 $179,189,675 $7,192,147 $4,878,168 Decoys & game calls $139,686,000 $31,907,778 $77,267,260 $6,005,580 Ammunition $651,896,000 $228,796,083 $166,876,951 $58,344,642 Hand loading equipment & components $139,919,000 $60,765,491 $17,419,884 $11,006,956 Hunting dogs and associated costs $604,616,000 $69,075,596 $246,363,096 $123,090,676 Other hunting equipment (cases, knives, etc.) $289,595,000 $122,338,719 $41,969,451 $21,872,779 Camping equipment $182,237,000 $59,861,264 $4,992,868 $9,438,486 Binoculars, Eeld glasses, telescopes, etc. $172,056,000 $79,472,570 $12,565,450 $3,208,125 Special hunting clothes, foul weather gear, boots, waders, etc. $543,582,000 $247,287,091 $65,819,519 $22,055,994 Processing and taxidermy costs $391,793,000 $270,106,515 $12,060,052 $6,449,926 Books and magazines devoted to hunting $124,313,000 $34,945,016 $12,468,260 $3,506,760 Dues or contributions $282,846,000 $93,287,050 $74,641,567 $17,597,330 Other support items (such as snowshoes, ski, equipment repair, etc.) $97,553,000 $62,216,394 $8,455,570 $1,587,166 Bass boat $5,448,000 $0 $996,676 $0 Other motor boat $98,542,000 $15,392,235 $11,710,405 $4,433,918 Canoe or other non-motor boat $24,670,000 $0 $3,118,201 $0 Boat motor, trailer, hitch, or accessories $60,650,000 $2,512,794 $12,879,796 $0 Pick-up, camper, van, travel tent trailer, motor home, house trailer $4,246,589,000 $834,183,878 $247,047,964 $96,651,311 Cabin $754,034,000 $105,027,734 $83,741,422 $0 Off-road vehicle: trail bike, 4x4 vehicle, 4-wheeler, snowmobile, etc. $3,218,532,000 $1,689,579,160 $48,511,537 $64,266,212 Other special equipment (ice chests, airplane, etc) $23,095,000 $12,782,266 $837,353 $245,108 Licenses, tags, permits and other similar fees $693,038,000 $356,691,914 $84,807,477 $87,513,361 Land owned primarily for hunting, 2001 expenses and payments $3,351,389,000 $1,889,658,965 $282,050,289 $363,252,214 Land leased primarily for hunting, 2001 expenses and payments $624,503,000 $453,144,070 $90,013,168 $37,501,021 Total $24,708,970,000 $10,673,990,535 $2,674,856,184 $1,854,750,978 7 Economic Impact of All Hunting Activities, 2001 Total Multiplier Salaries Sales and State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Motor Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes Alabama $799,303,993 $1,576,405,455 $364,648,966 16,871 $31,228,117 $13,593,015 $37,868,855 Alaska $248,346,761 $397,077,968 $95,754,092 4,691 $925,655 $0 $9,684,220 Arizona $298,419,269 $561,894,450 $136,594,890 5,237 $16,266,426 $3,287,020 $23,296,831 Arkansas $520,101,597 $905,815,861 $203,483,807 10,506 $23,139,321 $9,687,635 $20,043,029 *California $525,932,593 $1,062,776,490 $264,357,583 8,932 $35,989,912 $12,688,694 $47,464,527 Colorado $470,637,986 $951,555,426 $260,194,726 9,862 $16,387,910 $8,368,268 $43,692,743 *Connecticut $44,294,220 $76,001,860 $18,231,716 586 $1,848,266 $556,823 $3,358,876 *Delaware $14,772,355 $23,145,969 $4,254,956 188 $150,252 $157,793 $639,672 Florida $399,119,139 $714,610,292 $180,334,346 7,338 $21,691,959 $0 $28,863,087 Georgia $515,992,151 $1,015,485,086 $253,742,459 10,303 $15,201,481 $11,700,925 $40,673,230 *Hawaii $16,974,189 $27,830,441 $6,365,560 242 $946,162 $447,388 $1,066,269 Idaho $319,067,286 $536,360,001 $125,790,189 6,197 $17,676,032 $4,063,023 $12,687,394 Illinois $451,462,287 $949,427,464 $243,446,926 8,438 $23,716,676 $5,366,826 $43,109,812 Indiana $276,785,454 $530,440,648 $122,231,233 5,085 $13,108,455 $3,006,079 $19,247,658 Iowa $228,024,305 $443,304,732 $101,192,121 4,523 $12,956,316 $5,493,278 $15,049,717 Kansas $245,668,336 $488,491,801 $113,173,214 5,408 $14,559,327 $4,284,817 $11,581,486 Kentucky $450,465,575 $916,866,556 $195,222,034 8,494 $25,735,350 $10,846,970 $29,691,506 Louisiana $581,066,601 $992,471,903 $211,858,208 9,184 $25,325,539 $5,168,016 $32,315,638 Maine $196,652,268 $325,627,728 $73,914,792 3,643 $9,347,646 $3,124,673 $7,453,782 Maryland $161,375,339 $300,995,052 $69,414,648 2,617 $7,378,111 $2,624,037 $11,695,355 Massachusetts $67,507,420 $121,630,601 $30,819,293 973 $3,511,692 $1,486,091 $5,726,096 Michigan $671,670,664 $1,281,527,914 $325,888,323 12,144 $38,486,602 $8,816,245 $55,311,742 Minnesota $664,200,412 $1,316,964,312 $323,178,837 12,419 $42,862,125 $11,567,030 $53,791,714 Mississippi $393,549,827 $733,332,414 $156,760,798 7,444 $27,188,929 $5,567,756 $16,089,174 Missouri $437,194,608 $853,390,343 $191,169,148 8,007 $17,786,455 $7,362,338 $29,950,530 Montana $250,094,314 $422,980,401 $101,208,129 5,592 $7,189,476 $3,961,108 $9,603,611 Nebraska $232,387,841 $411,232,344 $99,640,824 5,005 $12,648,256 $3,850,215 $9,953,717 Nevada $156,310,900 $246,730,849 $60,330,517 2,256 $10,024,621 $0 $10,216,438 New Hampshire $86,981,254 $154,889,884 $36,413,786 1,429 $826,538 $0 $5,977,886 New Jersey $158,692,106 $298,565,998 $71,007,643 2,719 $7,743,486 $1,673,076 $11,846,449 New Mexico $196,004,211 $342,455,764 $82,202,479 4,057 $10,311,784 $3,082,134 $8,283,465 New York $891,031,344 $1,529,508,716 $340,677,521 11,487 $32,373,967 $10,611,609 $61,235,190 North Carolina $458,008,129 $896,002,783 $223,508,461 9,485 $22,228,780 $10,666,001 $34,669,885 North Dakota $123,859,833 $214,268,457 $45,365,957 2,252 $7,745,141 $456,150 $4,558,664 Ohio $713,886,248 $1,539,487,897 $367,989,800 14,392 $35,957,454 $22,485,423 $60,540,280 Oklahoma $292,800,051 $573,214,716 $137,122,217 6,755 $14,496,136 $7,887,812 $13,829,971 Oregon $481,813,350 $879,563,630 $200,619,348 8,279 $7,922,109 $15,714,527 $31,781,358 Pennsylvania $1,165,059,772 $2,275,366,632 $521,440,650 19,204 $50,870,062 $14,600,338 $89,145,482 ! Rhode Island - - - - - - - South Carolina $370,844,792 $712,649,156 $163,340,428 6,981 $19,279,251 $6,302,890 $25,197,657 South Dakota $251,243,111 $442,142,629 $109,081,915 5,656 $13,219,926 $0 $10,720,926 Tennessee $623,025,977 $1,321,659,467 $307,238,128 11,641 $36,937,656 $0 $51,604,672 Texas $1,761,285,042 $3,636,484,738 $864,139,228 31,711 $93,021,192 $0 $148,055,527 Utah $331,035,484 $671,442,932 $171,869,263 7,604 $18,693,995 $6,827,855 $18,195,462 Vermont $60,848,108 $96,329,197 $21,934,518 1,037 $2,993,986 $541,390 $2,255,790 Virginia $391,190,770 $724,962,684 $158,154,598 6,641 $17,122,351 $6,879,162 $24,732,077 Washington $424,187,470 $749,632,996 $183,227,869 6,801 $28,045,189 $0 $31,175,763 West Virginia $227,593,090 $366,386,409 $74,117,090 3,818 $13,722,778 $2,659,244 $7,309,117 Wisconsin $960,104,751 $1,770,420,230 $427,420,204 19,214 $42,258,403 $10,159,876 $44,946,720 Wyoming $135,034,776 $224,765,256 $56,550,480 2,996 $6,378,410 $0 $5,494,200 United States $24,708,970,000 $67,568,137,514 $16,771,153,961 575,368 $955,425,665 $267,623,550 $2,986,651,410 * = small samples size (45 or less) ! = sample size too small to report reliably (25 or less) NOTE: The U.S. total does not equal the sum of state data as economic activity across state borders are not included in the sta te totals,in addition to other factors. NOTE: The expenditures reported above are greater than those reported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Sportsmen often at tributed purchases to both Gshing and hunting (especially vehicles and big-ticket items). These items were not included in the Service 9s hunting expenditu re estimates. Such items were included above by prorating each item 9s cost based on each respondent 9s total days of hunting and Gshing activity. 8 Economic Impact of Deer Hunting, 2001 Total Multiplier Salaries Sales and State Federal Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Motor Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes Alabama $498,972,354 $957,938,307 $226,773,092 10,960 $19,347,927 $8,324,599 $23,083,163 *Alaska $16,526,440 $27,652,891 $6,654,110 304 $39,085 $0 $694,823 *Arizona $68,668,302 $131,336,314 $34,816,151 1,438 $3,549,178 $802,006 $5,509,776 Arkansas $212,413,838 $383,007,221 $89,285,768 4,363 $11,914,262 $4,310,052 $9,040,878 ! California - - - - - - - *Colorado $56,580,476 $113,434,884 $28,471,454 1,050 $3,129,281 $923,957 $4,862,725 ! Connecticut - - - - - - - *Delaware $10,579,823 $16,451,436 $2,826,582 114 $72,637 $108,369 $454,582 *Florida $162,743,298 $296,687,222 $75,954,513 3,163 $8,194,646 $0 $11,952,316 Georgia $311,598,854 $613,296,550 $156,402,620 6,349 $9,570,072 $7,212,676 $25,073,774 ! Hawaii - - - - - - - Idaho $108,587,156 $181,628,868 $40,876,616 1,998 $6,029,559 $1,335,034 $4,138,367 *Illinois $232,328,693 $477,775,192 $117,466,679 4,026 $10,585,774 $2,600,052 $20,930,113 Indiana $177,113,198 $352,716,685 $81,747,967 3,333 $8,252,865 $2,025,830 $13,064,842 Iowa $47,562,906 $87,697,324 $22,036,073 1,000 $2,822,892 $1,192,635 $3,233,976 Kansas $80,097,623 $153,587,485 $35,606,503 1,733 $4,392,204 $1,332,080 $3,612,796 Kentucky $202,452,620 $409,282,198 $86,930,233 3,714 $11,235,278 $4,837,007 $13,414,347 Louisiana $185,115,421 $320,956,819 $72,813,871 3,350 $8,747,226 $1,706,638 $10,560,714 Maine $98,155,242 $160,046,593 $36,852,957 1,872 $4,618,169 $1,509,350 $3,660,478 Maryland $82,325,619 $156,031,398 $37,042,269 1,358 $4,102,355 $1,411,355 $6,351,309 *Massachusetts $40,416,961 $73,983,647 $19,232,534 603 $2,006,281 $928,546 $3,586,654 Michigan $281,774,267 $506,134,291 $134,709,492 5,386 $15,417,104 $3,497,431 $21,829,356 Minnesota $235,768,787 $465,106,329 $122,257,391 4,825 $15,134,840 $4,295,446 $19,989,046 Mississippi $241,699,902 $441,442,806 $96,073,748 4,645 $16,389,001 $3,386,893 $9,777,447 Missouri $228,156,541 $445,203,660 $98,037,066 4,158 $8,973,428 $3,748,934 $15,212,545 Montana $118,240,968 $193,447,268 $43,960,634 2,420 $3,091,283 $1,725,358 $4,180,012 Nebraska $36,020,982 $62,457,936 $14,708,337 675 $2,345,215 $598,549 $1,532,734 ! Nevada - - - - - - - New Hampshire $39,432,538 $67,873,231 $16,507,425 667 $633,552 $0 $2,655,995 New Jersey $116,365,125 $216,365,872 $50,611,630 1,897 $5,552,406 $1,193,515 $8,559,892 New Mexico $58,967,609 $105,821,959 $26,001,932 1,254 $3,327,850 $988,455 $2,649,782 New York $523,449,848 $901,835,139 $207,067,163 6,932 $20,800,327 $6,491,057 $37,360,317 North Carolina $311,419,807 $607,062,577 $149,951,934 6,316 $14,989,948 $7,180,490 $23,392,764 North Dakota $33,778,413 $57,341,754 $12,975,226 639 $2,065,541 $131,639 $1,309,146 Ohio $399,250,756 $861,031,218 $202,119,352 7,733 $18,395,788 $12,366,408 $33,737,026 Oklahoma $159,664,457 $305,194,136 $71,514,926 3,523 $7,017,560 $4,113,763 $7,212,620 Oregon $152,792,249 $271,060,549 $61,914,519 2,586 $3,985,193 $4,840,902 $9,719,692 Pennsylvania $500,957,315 $986,432,766 $232,943,299 8,699 $22,320,738 $6,522,412 $39,485,325 ! Rhode Island - - - - - - - South Carolina $190,550,172 $346,549,025 $82,190,167 3,564 $9,794,077 $3,133,512 $12,532,999 South Dakota $35,458,014 $62,100,244 $15,704,098 780 $2,207,960 $0 $1,577,098 Tennessee $283,004,034 $577,100,885 $133,385,003 5,073 $16,200,250 $0 $22,348,499 Texas $989,041,737 $2,019,154,516 $475,345,926 17,907 $49,340,987 $0 $80,132,855 Utah $132,093,633 $264,057,217 $66,421,898 2,980 $7,600,503 $2,610,347 $6,990,558 Vermont $34,402,565 $56,449,251 $13,350,295 630 $1,676,926 $329,844 $1,374,350 Virginia $183,594,199 $337,490,046 $74,638,438 3,192 $7,808,664 $3,227,079 $11,507,332 Washington $76,996,949 $139,301,882 $35,996,196 1,357 $5,810,624 $0 $6,064,357 West Virginia $145,376,727 $233,146,324 $45,539,039 2,350 $8,446,859 $1,633,539 $4,486,447 Wisconsin $534,981,692 $925,777,288 $208,255,175 9,794 $20,657,835 $4,554,418 $21,469,195 Wyoming $49,361,129 $81,853,733 $20,405,054 1,109 $2,066,535 $0 $1,954,625 United States $10,673,990,535 $27,885,673,982 $6,882,025,422 238,972 $410,660,686 $117,130,178 $1,217,459,816 * = small samples size (45 or less) ! = sample size too small to report reliably (25 or less) NOTE: The U.S. total does not equal the sum of state data as economic activity across state borders are not included in the sta te totals,in addition to other factors. NOTE: The expenditures reported above are greater than those reported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Sportsmen often at tributed purchases to both Gshing and hunting (especially vehicles and big-ticket items). These items were not included in the Service 9s hunting expenditu re estimates. Such items were included above by prorating each item 9s cost based on each respondent 9s total days of hunting and Gshing activity. 9 Economic Impact of Migratory Bird and Upland Bird Hunting, 2001 Total Multiplier Salaries Sales and State Federal Migratory Bird Hunting Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Motor Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes Alabama $48,007,338 $89,957,697 $22,180,399 1,090 $1,718,001 $809,167 $2,239,411 *Alaska $13,096,459 $21,036,584 $4,682,007 223 $59,606 $0 $479,701 *Arizona $22,911,714 $43,376,162 $11,643,912 451 $1,363,791 $278,690 $1,927,106 Arkansas $154,319,435 $270,286,245 $63,978,610 3,418 $6,884,282 $3,018,305 $6,186,954 *Georgia $37,633,444 $78,468,678 $18,486,244 771 $1,397,035 $845,533 $2,905,972 *Idaho $17,147,779 $30,597,199 $7,876,955 373 $1,141,734 $268,226 $809,003 *Iowa $31,117,872 $59,834,090 $14,621,300 722 $1,735,149 $777,645 $1,981,400 Kansas $30,574,329 $62,376,149 $15,569,549 763 $1,731,712 $579,617 $1,574,228 *Kentucky $24,242,161 $49,919,103 $11,215,598 540 $1,470,777 $617,904 $1,560,117 Louisiana $105,644,001 $192,061,529 $44,633,728 2,047 $4,747,288 $1,048,568 $6,492,589 *Minnesota $117,805,141 $251,857,295 $59,259,014 2,347 $7,852,511 $2,076,996 $9,666,244 *Mississippi $18,183,730 $32,788,221 $7,145,245 336 $1,284,289 $254,727 $736,445 *Missouri $35,219,862 $66,691,082 $15,542,741 656 $1,671,796 $596,112 $2,421,471 Nebraska $34,885,935 $62,564,781 $14,954,048 718 $2,001,572 $593,625 $1,527,002 *Nevada $38,307,160 $61,528,966 $15,101,250 590 $2,112,502 $0 $2,484,972 *New Mexico $14,619,582 $26,506,745 $6,734,903 369 $790,320 $235,767 $642,021 North Carolina $46,247,037 $90,933,254 $23,673,334 1,020 $2,104,663 $1,121,446 $3,627,660 *North Dakota $28,256,408 $50,768,919 $11,313,302 560 $1,816,072 $114,188 $1,138,796 *Oklahoma $27,915,397 $57,026,767 $14,001,370 698 $1,516,214 $803,766 $1,404,041 *Oregon $56,868,216 $112,457,220 $27,183,785 1,211 $744,344 $2,104,111 $4,054,635 *South Carolina $20,822,426 $37,710,818 $9,282,274 426 $1,010,019 $336,404 $1,348,233 South Dakota $44,253,112 $78,847,058 $20,456,400 1,041 $2,278,643 $0 $2,030,488 *Tennessee $139,865,819 $318,813,596 $73,039,886 2,696 $8,482,396 $0 $12,470,998 Texas $306,956,227 $652,603,285 $163,358,524 5,980 $16,601,024 $0 $28,029,714 Utah $41,137,806 $83,507,061 $22,359,696 1,005 $2,378,236 $877,703 $2,351,752 *Washington $65,304,639 $120,762,169 $31,360,099 1,189 $3,392,754 $0 $5,264,981 United States $2,674,856,184 $7,391,383,699 $1,874,091,622 66,274 $78,286,732 $17,358,499 $328,151,852 Upland Bird Hunting *Arizona $34,953,681 $65,391,906 $17,213,494 662 $2,162,320 $413,437 $2,872,379 Idaho $39,779,969 $66,339,564 $15,015,324 764 $1,979,746 $462,164 $1,490,446 Iowa $53,209,171 $96,866,303 $21,409,765 1,010 $3,039,122 $1,149,842 $3,035,220 Kansas $121,386,038 $246,923,163 $54,587,840 2,615 $7,668,545 $2,063,357 $5,579,668 Maine $23,689,361 $38,558,652 $8,294,026 390 $1,172,532 $366,798 $855,005 Minnesota $61,692,387 $121,270,152 $28,342,736 1,079 $4,650,674 $1,020,863 $4,746,388 *Montana $16,228,291 $28,754,854 $6,957,424 370 $659,761 $280,166 $674,232 Nebraska $54,021,097 $95,460,965 $21,096,077 1,062 $4,002,744 $814,210 $2,105,393 *New York $66,500,415 $112,787,333 $22,391,246 762 $2,658,695 $691,470 $4,004,254 North Carolina $10,412,012 $20,263,052 $4,925,925 223 $638,382 $227,841 $725,198 *Ohio $49,761,090 $93,754,598 $21,603,732 955 $1,573,176 $1,309,612 $3,241,851 *Oklahoma $31,690,615 $65,597,728 $15,305,183 790 $1,844,895 $873,056 $1,507,414 *Oregon $38,969,168 $74,229,657 $16,990,638 767 $1,123,107 $1,312,361 $2,506,608 *Pennsylvania $69,628,647 $142,792,274 $33,873,698 1,326 $3,630,608 $948,464 $5,570,245 South Dakota $117,115,384 $209,411,323 $51,121,738 2,800 $6,349,402 $0 $4,874,788 *Texas $69,064,704 $137,752,117 $30,832,979 1,209 $1,913,668 $0 $5,063,440 Utah $27,187,016 $52,484,015 $12,797,999 585 $1,316,934 $495,705 $1,336,354 *Vermont $4,668,188 $7,460,438 $1,607,882 80 $219,949 $38,672 $161,131 *Washington $125,103,890 $215,608,855 $44,565,724 1,558 $8,988,047 $0 $7,853,629 Wisconsin $93,014,636 $168,290,356 $37,620,658 1,750 $4,804,333 $840,164 $3,897,293 United States $1,854,750,978 $4,890,531,443 $1,184,861,158 42,338 $60,396,638 $13,308,182 $206,232,649 Upland Birds = quail, pheasant and grouse. * = small samples size (45 or less) NOTE: States not listed have sample sizes too small to report reliably (25 or less). NOTE: The U.S. total does not equal the sum of state data as economic activity across state borders are not included in the sta te totals,in addition to other factors. NOTE: The expenditures reported above are greater than those reported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Sportsmen often at tributed purchases to both Gshing and hunting (especially vehicles and big-ticket items). These items were not included in the Service 9s hunting expenditu re estimates. Such items were included above by prorating each item 9s cost based on each respondent 9s total days of hunting and Gshing activity. 10 11 Economic Contributions Per State From Non-Resident Hunters Sales and Number of Days of Total Multiplier Salaries Motor State Federal Visiting Hunting Retail Sales Effect and Wages Jobs Fuel Taxes Income Taxes Income Taxes Hunters by Visitors Alabama $85,048,992 $162,612,119 39,412,201 $2,118 $4,204,976 $1,706,652 4754572.125 117,451 1,008,294 * Alaska $115,341,699 $195,768,928 53,954,284 $2,817 $265,691 $0 5816068.118 21292.14 193090.17 * Arizona $21,911,937 $41,570,349 11,610,485 $512 $701,983 $321,126 2275990.979 26916.31 141560.73 Arkansas $144,380,768 $251,710,459 58,162,459 $3,097 $6,257,691 $2,855,578 $5,907,988 127,667 1,440,119 * California $17,637,334 $37,250,896 9,834,427 $343 $977,256 $487,209 $1,822,498 12,456 47,808 Colorado $227,730,688 $451,196,323 115,866,881 $4,535 $7,616,988 $3,847,915 $20,090,891 121,315 930,457 ! Connecticut - - - - - - - - - ! Delaware - - - - - - - - - * Florida $24,705,194 $44,841,722 12,077,802 $490 $1,568,992 $0 $1,929,001 35,267 189,512 * Georgia $77,400,933 $154,326,561 36,328,887 $1,557 $2,103,206 $1,768,819 $6,148,538 61,901 633,394 ! Hawaii - - - - - - - - - Idaho $87,687,164 $149,368,353 36,824,056 $1,880 $4,466,089 $1,232,967 $3,850,122 46,721 363,390 * Illinois $92,276,660 $197,385,887 51,394,205 $2,017 $4,257,425 $1,282,949 $10,305,473 64,062 362,789 ! Indiana - - - - - - - - - * Iowa $22,773,000 $41,913,977 9,841,834 $463 $1,184,310 $562,116 $1,540,007 52,296 180,658 Kansas $67,664,827 $139,494,661 31,916,835 $1,658 $3,845,934 $1,313,542 $3,550,388 103,667 644,668 * Kentucky $39,576,775 $74,998,137 15,754,087 $717 $2,414,573 $916,265 $2,508,102 51,150 210,667 * Louisiana $26,604,375 $49,201,553 12,168,198 $529 $1,232,236 $297,903 $1,862,789 44,217 396,790 Maine $50,312,668 $86,003,585 22,460,637 $1,284 $2,159,945 $1,101,132 $2,626,706 41,423 337,940 Maryland $25,778,296 $48,140,622 11,017,320 $428 $1,340,959 $428,980 $1,911,965 29,749 154,202 ! Massachusetts - - - - - - - - - * Michigan $38,489,240 $72,353,890 18,492,973 $712 $2,271,466 $516,683 $3,241,587 52,812 534,399 * Minnesota $52,736,748 $109,072,499 27,850,233 $1,089 $2,540,644 $1,014,242 $4,716,668 28,546 938,452 Mississippi $115,778,589 $216,711,194 45,798,776 $2,253 $7,499,614 $1,685,220 $4,869,790 111,443 1,892,497 Missouri $72,896,216 $148,094,303 33,650,745 $1,359 $3,187,239 $1,249,412 $5,082,700 83,020 377,708 Montana $85,548,991 $156,664,235 40,820,235 $2,471 $2,236,145 $1,750,589 $4,244,260 59,270 389,797 * Nebraska $94,512,234 $165,231,487 43,959,446 $2,417 $4,036,396 $1,859,305 $4,806,743 46,911 364,053 ! Nevada - - - - - - - - - * New Hampshire $29,271,206 $51,499,606 13,074,522 $508 $382,797 $0 $2,125,245 26,174 321,273 ! New Jersey - - - - - - - - - * New Mexico $30,887,107 $57,523,792 14,788,760 $804 $1,112,412 $610,470 $1,640,684 25,525 146,051 New York $46,999,516 $85,675,272 18,765,100 $599 $2,564,626 $553,725 $3,195,320 79,146 390,445 * North Carolina $12,085,442 $23,788,105 6,111,032 $263 $589,496 $295,920 $961,889 26,552 197,529 * North Dakota $34,237,054 $62,372,473 13,539,888 $690 $2,380,337 $139,830 $1,397,428 52,961 278,817 * Ohio $70,239,014 $147,340,640 39,693,927 $1,748 $3,292,149 $2,730,295 $7,351,111 37,931 281,550 * Oklahoma $6,868,152 $14,184,773 3,487,217 $183 $353,407 $213,307 $373,999 19,669 96,115 * Oregon $21,515,132 $39,259,400 10,251,143 $551 $487,246 $1,045,523 $2,114,486 14,595 135,317 Pennsylvania $269,277,160 $488,494,521 98,804,155 $3,724 $6,364,755 $2,831,628 $17,289,110 142,208 992,560 ! Rhode Island - - - - - - - - - * South Carolina $54,099,366 $92,009,029 19,387,606 $897 $2,422,573 $809,763 $3,237,265 40,704 238,471 South Dakota $143,070,069 $254,637,546 65,180,182 $3,471 $7,240,365 $0 $6,580,194 118,840 1,251,960 Tennessee $68,368,733 $146,285,282 33,365,673 $1,241 $4,667,143 $0 $5,502,876 74,824 616,802 Texas $156,752,884 $318,400,081 76,613,589 $3,101 $5,545,460 $0 $14,479,003 97,977 642,105 * Utah $26,526,944 $53,704,023 13,803,039 $681 $1,690,088 $611,197 $1,628,770 22,667 125,843 * Vermont $12,301,332 $20,413,029 4,512,729 $229 $575,965 $119,649 $498,539 25,601 190,214 * Virginia $38,479,516 $73,639,197 16,540,370 $765 $1,644,949 $792,743 $2,850,083 75,346 442,810 ! Washington - - - - - - - - - * West Virginia $46,523,130 $79,122,691 15,992,614 $852 $3,026,815 $593,425 $1,631,070 57,586 565,949 * Wisconsin $265,819,109 $503,281,377 119,364,580 $5,400 $9,171,422 $2,855,328 $12,631,811 72,162 655,057 Wyoming $70,719,571 $118,637,482 28,949,683 $1,576 $3,196,590 $0 $2,890,805 68,219 498,399 United States $3,183,973,725 $8,434,976,795 $2,142,954,393 78,230 $123,078,354 $40,401,408 $406,079,284 2,029,000 20,672,000 * = small samples size (45 or less) ! = sample size too small to report reliably (25 or less) NOTE: The U.S. total does not equal the sum of state data as economic activity across state borders are not included in the sta te totals,in addition to other factors. NOTE: The expenditures reported above are greater than those reported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Sportsmen often at tributed purchases to both Gshing and hunting (especially vehicles and big-ticket items). These items were not included in the Service 9s hunting expenditu re estimates. Such items were included above by prorating each item 9s cost based on each respondent 9s total days of hunting and Gshing activity. International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 544 Washington, DC 20001 www.iafwa.org 202-624-7890 · 202-624-7891 fax This hunting economic impact study was produced by Southwick Associates, Inc, Fernandina Beach, FL with help from Mark LaBarbera and the Outdoor Heritage Education Center, Shakopee, MN. Funding was provided by the International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 9 Animal Use Issues Committee through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under Cooperative Grant Agreement No. DC N-10-RO using Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration administrative funds. Photo ©/credits: Mark LaBarbera, Nikon/Chevalier Advertising, Outdoor Heritage Education Center ©2002 IAFWA, Washington, DC

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