Adobe® Photoshop CS Advanced

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Adobe ® Photoshop CS Advanced A Workshop for San Diego State University Faculty & Sheet Where to Find Help When You Need It Help from your Division/College 9s Computer Consultant Some divisions and colleges have computer consultants assigned to them. You can contact these consultants when you need help. To determine if you have a consultant assigned to your division or college, look to: http://rohan.sdsu.edu/~facstaff Help from the BATS Web Page BATS (Baseline Access, Training and Support) is a California State University initiative to provide all students, faculty, and staff with "baseline" access to information resources via networks, training in the uses of baseline hardware and software systems, and ongoing professional and technical support for utilization of computer resources at San Diego State University.

You can access the BATS Web Page by pointing your browser to: http://rohan.sdsu.edu/~bats/ Help in the San Diego State University, Faculty Room The Faculty Room is staffed Monday through Friday with computing consultants who will try to answer your questions. Location: Adams Humanities, 1109 Phone Number: x45727 Semester Hours: 7:30am 3 6:00pm Monday -Thursday 7:30am 3 4:30pm Friday Semester Intersession: 7:30am 3 4:30pm Monday 3 Friday Help from the Faculty Computing Help Line Phone Number: x41348 E-mail: ... more. less.

helpline@mail.sdsu.edu Semester Hours: 7:30am 3 6:00pm Monday 3 Thursday 7:30am 3 4:30pm Friday Semester Intersession: 7:30am 3 4:30pm Monday 3 Friday Help from the Staff Computing Help Line Phone Number: x40824 E-mail: staffhelp@sdsu.edu Semester Hours: 7:30am 3 6:00pm Monday 3 Thursday 7:30am 3 4:30pm Friday Semester Intersession: 7:30am 3 4:30pm Monday 3 Friday Other Resources Web sites http://studio.adobe.com/tips/main.jsp Books Photoshop for Dummies by Deke McClelland Easy Adobe Photoshop by Kate Binder The Complete Idiot 9s Guide to Adobe Photoshop by Robert Stanley The Photoshop WOW book by Jack Davis et al. (for advanced users) Where to Find Help When You Need It.........................................................................................ii History Options................................................................................................................ ............... 1 How Images Work................................................................................................................ .......... 1 Size versus resolution ........................................................................................................ ......... 1 Changing the printing resolution ............................................................................................ 2 Changing the page-layout resolution...................................................................................... 3 So what 9s the perfect resolution?............................................................................................ 4 The Resolution of Screen Images........................................................................................... 5 Resampling and Cropping....................................................................................................... 5 Resizing versus resampling..................................................................................................... 6 Resizing an image.............................................................................................................. ..... 6 Resampling an image............................................................................................................ .. 7 Using Layers................................................................................................................... ................ 8 Concepts....................................................................................................................... ............... 8 Photoshop 9s Description of Color............................................................................................... 8 HSB (Hue, Saturation, & Brightness)..................................................................................... 8 RGB (Red, Green, & Blue)..................................................................................................... 9 Copying the Objects............................................................................................................ ........ 9 Copying and Positioning the Objects...................................................................................... 9 Adjustment Layers.............................................................................................................. ........ 9 Create an Adjustment Layer................................................................................................... 9 Levels Adjust.................................................................................................................. ............ 9 Levels Adjust.................................................................................................................. .......... 10 Create a Levels Adjustment Layer........................................................................................ 10 Levels Adjust.................................................................................................................. ...... 10 Hue/Saturation................................................................................................................. ......... 11 Create a HSB Adjustment Layer........................................................................................... 11 Adjust Saturation ............................................................................................................. ..... 11 Curves......................................................................................................................... .............. 11 Create a Curves Adjustment Layer....................................................................................... 12 Layer Masks.................................................................................................................... .......... 13 Creating a Layer Mask.......................................................................................................... 13 1 History Options A new powerful tool has been added to Photoshop, the ability to use non-linear history. In previous versions of Photoshop the history palette has always been a linear history, a timeline of the changes you had completed on your image. Each of these changes is referred to as a state in history. In previous versions, if you reverted to an earlier state in history, all changes after the point in history you returned to would be lost. This is no longer the case, with non-linear history enabled, you can now go back and delete a change or add more changes and the image will update accordingly. To toggle between the modes, choose History Options from the History Palette Menu After you select History Options, the history Options Menu will appear, check or uncheck Allow Non-Linear History as you choose. How Images Work Think of a bitmapped image as a mosaic made from square tiles of various colors. When you view the mosaic up close, it looks like something you might use to decorate your bathroom. You see the individual tiles, not the image itself. But if you back a few feet away from the mosaic, the tiles lose their definition and merge together to create a recognizable work of art. Similarly, images are colored pixels pretending to be artwork. If you enlarge the pixels, they look like an unrelated collection of colored squares. Reduce the size of the pixels, and they blend together to form an image that looks to all the world like a standard photograph. Of course, differences exist between pixels and ancient mosaic tiles. Pixels come in 16 million distinct colors. Mosaic tiles of antiquity came in your basic granite and sandstone varieties, with an occasional chunk of lapis lazuli thrown in for good measure. Also, you can resample, color separate, and crop electronic images. First, let 9s address the inverse relationship between image size and resolution. Size versus resolution If you haven 9t already guessed, the term image size describes the physical dimensions of an image. Resolution is the number of pixels per linear inch in the final printed image. It is linear because you measure pixels in a straight line. If the resolution of an image is 72 ppi 4that is, pixels per inch 4you get 5,184 pixels per square inch (72 pixels wide x 72 pixels tall = 5,184). 2 Assuming the number of pixels in an image is fixed, increasing the size of an image decreases its resolution and vice versa. An image that looks good when printed on a postage stamp, therefore, probably looks jagged when printed as an 11 x 17-inch poster. Figures 1, 2, & 3 show a single image printed at three different sizes and resolutions. The smallest image is printed at twice the resolution of the medium-sized image; the medium-sized image is printed at twice the resolution of the largest image. One inch in the smallest image includes twice as many pixels vertically and twice as many pixels horizontally as an inch in the medium-sized image, for a total of four times as many pixels per square inch. Therefore, the smallest image covers the area of the medium-sized image. Figure 1: 72dpi Image Figure 2: 144 dpi Image Figure 3: 288 dpi image The same relationships exist between the medium-sized image and the largest image. An inch in the medium-sized image comprises four times as many pixels as an inch in the largest image. Consequently, the medium-sized image consumes one-fourth the area of the largest image. Changing the printing resolution When printing an image, a higher resolution translates to a sharper image with greater clarity. Photoshop lets you change the resolution of a printed image in one of two ways: Choose Image ¢ Image Size to access the controls that enable you to change the pixel dimensions and resolution of an image. Then enter a value into the Resolution option box, either in pixels per inch or pixels per centimeter. A good idea (although not essential) is to turn off the Resample Image check box, as demonstrated in Figure 4 on the next page. If you leave it on, Photoshop may add or subtract pixels, as discussed in the cResampling and Cropping d section later in this handout. By turning it off, you instruct Photoshop to leave the pixels intact but merely change how many of them print per inch. 3 Figure 4: Image Size Window Alternatively, you can ask Photoshop to scale an image during the print cycle. Choose File ¢ Page Setup. If you 9re using a PC, click on the Properties button and then click on the Graphics tab. Enter a percentage value into the Reduce or Enlarge option box on a Mac or the Scaling option box on a PC. Lower values reduce the size of the printed image and thereby increase the resolution; higher values lower the resolution. Both the Resolution and Reduce or Enlarge (or Scaling) settings are saved with an image. Together, the two determine the printed resolution. Photoshop divides the Resolution value in the Image Size dialog box by the Reduce or Enlarge (or Scaling) percentage from Page Setup. For example, if the image resolution is set to 72 ppi and you reduce the image to 48 percent, then the final printed image has a resolution of 150 ppi (72 divided by .48). At the risk of boring some of you, I 9ll briefly remind the math haters in the audience that whenever you use a percentage in an equation, you first convert it to a decimal. For example, 100 percent is 1.0; 64 percent is .64; 5 percent is .05, and so on. To avoid confusion, most folks rely exclusively on the Resolution value and leave Page Setup 9s Reduce or Enlarge (or Scaling) value set to 100 percent. The only exception is when printing tests and proofs. Because ink-jet and other consumer printers offer lower-resolution output than high-end commercial devices, you may find it helpful to proof images larger so you can see more pixels. Raising the Reduce or Enlarge (or Scaling) value lets you accomplish this without upsetting the Resolution value. Just be sure to restore the value to 100 percent after you make your test print. Changing the page-layout resolution The Reduce or Enlarge (or Scaling) value has no effect on the size and resolution of an image imported into an object-oriented application, such as QuarkXPress or Illustrator. But these same applications do observe the Resolution setting from the Image Size dialog box. 4 Specifying the resolution in Photoshop is a handy way to avoid resizing operations and printing complications in your page-layout program like PageMaker. Always remember: Photoshop is as good or better at adjusting pixels than any other program you work with. So prepare an image as completely as possible in Photoshop before importing the image into another program. Ideally, you should never have to resize, rotate, or crop an image in any other program. That tip is so important I 9m going to repeat it: Never resize, rotate, or crop an image in Illustrator, FreeHand, CorelDraw, PageMaker, QuarkXPress, Dreamweaver, FrontPage, Composer, or Microsoft Word. Get your image fully ready to go in Photoshop, and then place it in the drawing, page-layout program, HTML editor, or word processing program, position it on the page, and leave it alone. So what 9s the perfect resolution? After all this explanation of pixels and resolution, you might be thinking, cOkay, this is all very interesting, but what 9s the bottom line? What Resolution value should I use? d The answer is frustrating to some and freeing to others: Any darn resolution you like. It 9s true - there is no right answer; there is no wrong answer. There is low-resolution art that looks great and high- resolution art that looks horrible. As with all things, quality counts for more than quantity. You take the pixels you 9re dealt and you make the best of them. That said, here are a few recommendations: Most experts recommend that you set the Resolution value to somewhere between 150 percent and 200 percent of the screen frequency of the final output device. The screen frequency is the number of halftone dots per linear inch, measured in lpi (short for lines per inch). So ask your commercial printer what screen frequency he uses (generally 120 lpi to 150 lpi) and multiply that times 1.5 or 2. Want to be more specific? For high-end photographic print work, it 9s hard to go wrong with a Resolution value of 267 ppi. That 9s 200 percent of 133 ipi, arguably the most popular screen frequency. When in doubt, most professionals aim for 267 ppi. What if you don 9t have enough pixels for 267 ppi? Say that you shoot a digital snapshot that measures 768 by 1024 pixels and you want to print it at 6 by 8 inches. That works out to a relatively scant 128 ppi. Won 9t that look grainy? Probably. Should you add pixels with Image Size or some other command? No, that typically won 9t help. You have a finite number of pixels to work with, so you can print the image large and a little grainy, or sharp and small. The choice is yours. What if you have a photograph or slide and you can scan it at any resolution you want? Flat-bed scanners typically offer two maximum resolutions: a true optical maximum and an interpolated digital enhancement. The lower of the two values is invariably the true optical resolution. Scan at this lower maximum setting. Then use Image ¢ Image Size to resample the image down to the desired size and resolution, as explained in the cResampling and Cropping d section later in this handout. 5 Orson Welles claimed that he relied on his inexperience when creating Citizen Kane . He didn 9t know the rules of film making, so he couldn 9t be hampered by them. When his assistants and technicians told him, cYou can 9t do that, d he ignored them because he didn 9t know any better. The same can be said about resolution. Take the pixels you have and try to make them look the best you can. Then print the image at the size you want it to appear. If you focus on the function of your image first and fret about resolution and other technical issues second, you 9ll produce better pictures. The Resolution of Screen Images Regardless of the Resolution and Reduce or Enlarge (or Scaling) values, Photoshop displays each pixel on screen according to the zoom ratio. If the zoom ratio is 100 percent, for example, each image pixel takes up a single screen pixel. Zoom ratio and printer output are unrelated. This same rule applies outside Photoshop as well. Other programs that display screen images 4 including multimedia development applications, presentation programs, and Web browsers 4 default to showing one image pixel for every screen pixel. This means when creating an image for the screen, the Resolution value has no affect whatsoever. I 9ve seen some very bright people recommend that screen images should be set to 72 ppi on the Mac or 96 ppi for Windows, and while there 9s nothing wrong with doing this, there 9s no benefit either. When publishing for the screen, the Resolution value is ignored. So all that counts is the 100-percent view. That means you want the image to fit inside the prospective monitor when you choose View ¢ Actual Pixels inside Photoshop. I say prospective monitor because although you may use a 17-inch monitor when you create the image, you most likely need the final image to fit on a 13-inch display. So even though your monitor probably displays as many as 1024 x 768 pixels, most Web and screen artists prepare for the worst-case scenario, 640 x 480 pixels. This is the 13-inch VGA standard, shared by some of the first color Macs and PCs, most laptops, an endless array of defunct computers, and even televisions. Of course, a 640 x 480-pixel image would consume an entire 13-inch screen. If you want the image to share the page with text and other elements, the image needs to be smaller than that. A typical screen image varies from as small as 16 x 16 pixels for icons and buttons to 320 x 240 pixels for a stand-alone photograph. Naturally, these are merely guidelines. You can create images at any size you like. Resampling and Cropping After you bring up an image 4whether you created it from scratch or opened an existing image 4its size and resolution are established. Neither size nor resolution is set in stone, however. Photoshop provides two methods for changing the number of pixels in an image: resampling and cropping. 6 Resizing versus resampling Typically, when folks talk about resizing an image, they mean enlarging or reducing it without changing the number of pixels in the image, as demonstrated back in Figures 1, 2, & 3. In contrast, resampling an image means scaling it so the image contains a larger or smaller number of pixels. With resizing, an inverse relationship exists between size and resolution 4 size increases when resolution decreases, and vice versa. But resampling affects either size or resolution independently. Figure 5 shows an image resized and resampled to 50 percent of its original dimensions. The resampled and original images have identical resolutions, while the resized image has twice the resolution of its companions. Figure 5: An image (left) resized (top right) and resampled (bottom right) down 50 percent. Resizing an image To resize an image, use one of the techniques discussed, In the cChanging the printing resolution d section near the beginning of this handout. To recap briefly; the best method is to choose Image ¢ Image Size, turn off the Resample Image check box and enter a value into the Resolution option box. See Figure 4 to refresh your memory. 7 Resampling an image You also use image C Image Size to resample an image. The difference is you leave the Resample Image check box turned on. As Its name implies, the Resample Image check box is the key to resampling. When Resample Image is selected, the Resolution value is independent of both sets of Width and Height values. The only difference between the two sets of options is the top options work in pixels and the bottom options work in relative units of measure like percent and inches. You can increase the number of pixels in an image by increasing any of the five values in the dialog box; you can decrease the number of pixels by decreasing any value. Photoshop stretches or shrinks the image according to the new size specifications. At all times, you can see the new number of pixels Photoshop will assign to the image, as well as the increased or decreased file size.. To calculate the pixels in the resampled image, Photoshop must use its powers of interpolation. The interpolation setting defaults to the one chosen in the Preferences dialog box. But you can also change the setting right inside the Image Size dialog box. Simply select the desired method from the Resample Image pop-up menu. Bicubic results in the smoothest effects. Bilinear is faster. And Nearest Neighbor turns off interpolation so Photoshop merely throws away the pixels it doesn 9t need or duplicates pixels to resample up. Here are a few more random items you should know about resampling with the Image Size dialog box: " This may sound odd, but you generally want to avoid adding pixels. When you resample up, you 9re asking Photoshop to make up details from thin air and the program isn 9t that smart. - Simply put, an enlarged image almost never looks better than the original; it merely takes up more disk space and prints slower. Resampling down, on the other hand, is a useful technique. It enables you to smooth away photo grain, halftone patterns, and other scanning artifacts. One of the most tried-and-true rules is to scan at the maximum resolution permitted by your scanner, and then resample the scan down to, say, 72 or 46 percent (with the interpolation set to Bicubic, naturally). By selecting a round value other than 50 percent, you force Photoshop to jumble the pixels into a regular, homogenous soup. You 9re left with fewer pixels, but these remaining pixels are better. And you have the added benefit that the image takes up less space on disk. " To make an image tall and thin or short and fat, you must first turn off the Constrain Proportions check box. This enables you to edit the two Width values entirely independently of the two Height values. You can resample an image to match precisely the size and resolution of any other open image. While the Image Size dialog box is open, choose the name of the image you want to match from the Window menu. 8 If you need help resampling an image to the proper size for a print job, choose Help ¢ Resize Image to bring up the Resize Image Wizard. The dialog box walks you through the process of resampling step by step. It 9s really for rank beginners, but you might find it helpful when you want to turn the old brain off and set Photoshop to autopilot. (Note that Adobe uses the word cresize d simply because it 9s friendlier than cresample. d Whatever it 9s called, this command does indeed resample.) If you ever get confused inside the Image Size dialog box, and you want to return to the original size and resolution settings, press the Option/Alt key to change the Cancel button to Reset. Then click the Reset button to start from the beginning. Photoshop remembers the setting of the Resample Image check box and uses this same setting the next time you open the Image Size dialog box. Using Layers In this section you will learn how to use Photoshop layers in order to merge images from several photographs, and in the end result, create one image. A number of layers will be used to help you create a composite image. To make the image look good, each separate layer will require its own color correction, tonal adjustment, and additional layer mask. This lesson handout is broken in to four main sections that describe how to make these changes: Levels Adjust, Hue/Saturation, Curves, and Layer Masks. Concepts It 9s important to realize that color correction and tonal adjustments within Photoshop change existing ranges of pixel color values to new ranges of pixel color values. An example of this is changing a particular shade (hue) of yellow to another shade of yellow within a photograph. While making adjustments like this to your image, remember to experiment: There are no right or wrong adjustment values. What is correct is what is pleasing to your eye. Photoshop 9s Description of Color During the Advanced Photoshop Workshop, we will be making changes to colors. It 9s helpful to understand that there are three separate attributes Photoshop uses to describe a color: HSB (Hue, Saturation, & Brightness) Hue-Hue is commonly identified by the name of a color such as red, purple, or yellow. It can be designated as a specific location on a color wheel. Saturation-Saturation can be thought of as the strength or purity of a single color. Saturation represents the amount of gray in proportion to the hue. A fully saturated color contains 0% gray and 100% hue. Brightness-Brightness is the relative lightness or darkness of the color, usually measured in a percentage 0% (black) to 100% (white). 9 RGB (Red, Green, & Blue) Believe it or not, every color Photoshop represents on the computer screen is created from a different mixture of three different hues (Red, Green, & Blue). For example, adding Green and Red together create the hue, Yellow. These are called additive colors. Adding 100% of each hue together creates white. Copying the Objects Before we do anything else, we 9ll need to copy the objects (images) and bring them into our final image. To do this, follow the set steps below. Copying and Positioning the Objects " Open the picture you wish to copy a selection from. " Select and copy the region or object you are interested in using one of Photoshop 9s selection tools (It 9s often best to get a careful, outlining selection so you can copy just the object and as little as possible of the object 9s background). " Paste the object on a new layer in the desired picture. " Use the move tool to position the object wherever you like. Adjustment Layers During this workshop we won 9t make color corrections and tonal adjustments on individual image layers themselves but instead on new layers we create just above the images, called adjustment layers. These layers are separate, and offer the advantage of allowing us to easily go back and make re-adjustments at any time. Each layer you will be working on will need several adjustments and therefore, one or more adjustment layers. The picture to the right shows an image layer, and three adjustment layers above the image layer. You can recognize an adjustment layer by the icon of the adjustment matrix. Create an Adjustment Layer " Click on the layer you would like to adjust. " Go to the Layer menu, select Layer>New Adjustment Layer. " Choose the type of Adjustment Layer you would like to create e.g., Levels. " Name the new adjustment layer e.g., cLevels Adjust. d " Make sure Create a clipping path is selected. " Leave other settings at their default value. 10 Levels Adjust In the second lesson of this series, we made some level adjustments to adjust the contrast and brightness of a scanned image. By using the Levels Adjust, we were able to designate the darkest and lightest pixels within an image. Doing this allowed Photoshop to emphasize these pixel values and the pixel values existing in between these points. In other words, Levels adjustments help to emphasize a specific range of image data. In order to adjust Levels for each object, first we will create an adjustment layer just above the object, and then we will make our levels adjustment. We have adjusted levels in the past using the triangular sliders underneath the levels histogram. You can also use eyedropper tools to actually click on the image pixels in order to designate your highlight and shadow. Which technique should you use? Different techniques work best in different instances: Experiment! Create a Levels Adjustment Layer " Click on the layer you would like to adjust. " Go to the Layer menu, select Layer>New Adjustment Layer. " Choose the type of Adjustment Layer you would like to create e.g., Levels. " Name the new adjustment layer e.g., cLevels Adjust. d " Make sure Create a clipping path is selected. " Leave other settings at their default value. Levels Adjust " Choosing Levels Adjust and clicking OK will automatically open the Levels Dialog Box window. " Within the Levels Dialog Box, choose the eyedropper tool. " Use this tool to set the bright point by clicking upon the desired bright area in the image (Usually, this is the lightest area within the image). " Within the same Levels Dialog Box, choose the eyedropper tool. " Use this tool to set the dark point by clicking upon the desired dark area in the image (Usually, this is the darkest area within the image). You can click the eye icon on your adjustment layer to hide the adjustment layer. This will allow you to see what your image looks like before and after adjustment. 11 Input Values Output Values A straight line represents equal input and output values. Hue/Saturation The colors of our separate image layers are a bit dull. Hue/Saturation dialog box offers us several options for changing this. First of all, using the Edit: option we can choose a range of hues, for instance Red, Green, or Blue and make adjustments. We can even select all the hues contained with in an image and make global adjustments. Do this by selecting Master in the Edit: option. For each selected color range, we can shift hues, adjust saturation, and adjust lightness. In our image, we want to increase overall saturation. Follow the steps below to increase the overall saturation. Create a HSB Adjustment Layer " Click on the layer you would like to adjust. " Go to the Layer menu, select Layer>New Adjustment Layer. " Choose the type of Adjustment Layer you would like to create e.g., Stauration. " Name the new adjustment layer e.g., cSaturation Adjust. d " Make sure Create a clipping path is selected. " Leave other settings at their default value. Adjust Saturation Choosing Hue/Saturation and clicking OK will automatically open the Hue/Saturation Dialog Box window. " Make sure the edit option is set to cMaster. d " Make sure the preview button is checked. " Move the saturation slider to the right (Note-Try moving in increments of 5 or 10 at first. Moving to the right increases saturation and moving to the left decreases it). Curves Curves is a graph of pixel tone input and output values with input values at the bottom of the graph on the horizontal axis and the output values to the left side of the graph on the vertical axis. At the bottom left side of the curve are the darker tones. At the top right side of the curve are the lighter tones (See the picture to the right). Curves, like Levels Adjust, allows you to make adjustments to the range of color data contained 12 within an image. Curves allows for even more fine-tuning of data along this range. By default the curve is straight, meaning that the input values along this line are equal to the output value. By manipulating Curves you can change the output values of an image. You can think of input values as the original data contained within the image and output values as what you see on the screen after you 9ve made changes to the curve. Pulling the curve down decreases output values and makes the image darker. Pushing it up increases output values and makes the image lighter. You can choose numerous points on the curve to make adjustments to a smaller data range within the curve if you like. Finer changes in the curve often work better than coarse changes. You can make changes in the Curves for all colors (RGB) or a specific color, such as Green. Create a Curves Adjustment Layer " Click on the layer you would like to adjust. " Go to the Layer menu, select Layer>New Adjustment Layer. " Choose the type of Adjustment Layer you would like to create e.g., Curves. " Name the new adjustment layer e.g., cCurves Adjust. d " Make sure Create a clipping path is selected. " Leave other settings at their default value. " Adjust Curves " Choosing Curves and clicking OK will automatically open the Curves Dialog Box window. " Pull the curve up or down at its lower fourth, mid-point, and upper fourth (this will help to bring out or minimize the dark-tones, mid-tones and highlights . This curve has been changed to increase highlight (output) values and decrease dark-tone (output) values. 13 Magnified edge of a circle with antialiasing Magnified edge of a circle without antialiasing A Layer Mask Layer Masks A ntialiasing When you copied and pasted objects into their destination image, you may notice a white halo around the object. This is due to the effect of antialiasing. Antialiasing is a software technique that reduces the jagged appearance in the outline of objects. It reduces the prominence of a stair-step appearance by surrounding the stairstep with intermediate shades of color. In most cases antialiasing is good. It gives objects nice smooth edges. However, when these objects are copied to a new background, often a halo-a remnant of the old background color- can be seen. This is due the presence of these intermediate shades of color that got included in your selection. Masking provides a fast method for reducing this halo appearance. Layer Masks Masks are a little hard to understand at first. You can think of a mask as a way of protecting an image layer. What ever the mask covers will not be seen until part of the mask is removed. White represents what can be seen and black represents what the mask covers. This is useful: You can gradually remove or add to a mask by first clicking on its layer icon in the layers window and then using any one of Photoshop 9s drawing tools. Using this technique, you can create a wide variety of effects. If your foreground color is set to white, drawing tools will remove areas of the mask. If your foreground color is set to black, drawing tools will add to areas of the mask. Creating a Layer Mask A Layer Mask can be created from a selected area in an image. This is very useful for editing the border of a selected object. To create a Layer Mask, follow the steps below. " Select the entire object on its layer using one of Photoshop 9s selection tools. " Click the Layer Mask button on the Layers window to create a mask from your selection. " You should now see the mask icon next to your image on the layer. " Position your mouse over the white (revealed) area on the layer mask icon (See the photo to the right). 14 Making a selection within the La er Mask " While holding the Apple key (Mac) or the Ctrl key (PC), click on this white area (This selects the boarder of this revealed area within the mask). We 9ll be adding to the edges of the selected area within the mask to hide the halo seen around our images. " Make sure your foreground color is set to black. " Go to the Edit menu and choose Stroke. " Within the Stroke dialog box, set your width to 2 or 3 pixels. " Set location to Inside. " Click OK References Adobe Photoshop CS Users Guide: Adobe Systems Incorporated (2004) 345 Park Avenue, San Jose, CA 95110 Photoshop CS-For Windows & Macintosh: Elaine Weinmann & Peter Lourekas (2004) Peachpit Press 1249 Eighth Street Berkley, Ca 94710

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